example: add jsonencode using extension (#3142)

examples/jsonencode/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# JSON Encode Extension
+
+`EncodeExtension` is an implementation of entc.Extension that adds a `MarshalJSON`
+method to each generated type `<T>` and inlines the Edges field to the top level JSON.
+
+### Generate Assets
+
+```console
+go generate ./...
+```
+
+### Run Examples
+
+```console
+go test
+```

examples/jsonencode/ent/client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/migrate"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/pet"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/user"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+)
+
+// Client is the client that holds all ent builders.
+type Client struct {
+	config
+	// Schema is the client for creating, migrating and dropping schema.
+	Schema *migrate.Schema
+	// Pet is the client for interacting with the Pet builders.
+	Pet *PetClient
+	// User is the client for interacting with the User builders.
+	User *UserClient
+}
+
+// NewClient creates a new client configured with the given options.
+func NewClient(opts ...Option) *Client {
+	cfg := config{log: log.Println, hooks: &hooks{}}
+	cfg.options(opts...)
+	client := &Client{config: cfg}
+	client.init()
+	return client
+}
+
+func (c *Client) init() {
+	c.Schema = migrate.NewSchema(c.driver)
+	c.Pet = NewPetClient(c.config)
+	c.User = NewUserClient(c.config)
+}
+
+// Open opens a database/sql.DB specified by the driver name and
+// the data source name, and returns a new client attached to it.
+// Optional parameters can be added for configuring the client.
+func Open(driverName, dataSourceName string, options ...Option) (*Client, error) {
+	switch driverName {
+	case dialect.MySQL, dialect.Postgres, dialect.SQLite:
+		drv, err := sql.Open(driverName, dataSourceName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return NewClient(append(options, Driver(drv))...), nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported driver: %q", driverName)
+	}
+}
+
+// Tx returns a new transactional client. The provided context
+// is used until the transaction is committed or rolled back.
+func (c *Client) Tx(ctx context.Context) (*Tx, error) {
+	if _, ok := c.driver.(*txDriver); ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("ent: cannot start a transaction within a transaction")
+	}
+	tx, err := newTx(ctx, c.driver)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ent: starting a transaction: %w", err)
+	}
+	cfg := c.config
+	cfg.driver = tx
+	return &Tx{
+		ctx:    ctx,
+		config: cfg,
+		Pet:    NewPetClient(cfg),
+		User:   NewUserClient(cfg),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// BeginTx returns a transactional client with specified options.
+func (c *Client) BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opts *sql.TxOptions) (*Tx, error) {
+	if _, ok := c.driver.(*txDriver); ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("ent: cannot start a transaction within a transaction")
+	}
+	tx, err := c.driver.(interface {
+		BeginTx(context.Context, *sql.TxOptions) (dialect.Tx, error)
+	}).BeginTx(ctx, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ent: starting a transaction: %w", err)
+	}
+	cfg := c.config
+	cfg.driver = &txDriver{tx: tx, drv: c.driver}
+	return &Tx{
+		ctx:    ctx,
+		config: cfg,
+		Pet:    NewPetClient(cfg),
+		User:   NewUserClient(cfg),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Debug returns a new debug-client. It's used to get verbose logging on specific operations.
+//
+//	client.Debug().
+//		Pet.
+//		Query().
+//		Count(ctx)
+func (c *Client) Debug() *Client {
+	if c.debug {
+		return c
+	}
+	cfg := c.config
+	cfg.driver = dialect.Debug(c.driver, c.log)
+	client := &Client{config: cfg}
+	client.init()
+	return client
+}
+
+// Close closes the database connection and prevents new queries from starting.
+func (c *Client) Close() error {
+	return c.driver.Close()
+}
+
+// Use adds the mutation hooks to all the entity clients.
+// In order to add hooks to a specific client, call: `client.Node.Use(...)`.
+func (c *Client) Use(hooks ...Hook) {
+	c.Pet.Use(hooks...)
+	c.User.Use(hooks...)
+}
+
+// PetClient is a client for the Pet schema.
+type PetClient struct {
+	config
+}
+
+// NewPetClient returns a client for the Pet from the given config.
+func NewPetClient(c config) *PetClient {
+	return &PetClient{config: c}
+}
+
+// Use adds a list of mutation hooks to the hooks stack.
+// A call to `Use(f, g, h)` equals to `pet.Hooks(f(g(h())))`.
+func (c *PetClient) Use(hooks ...Hook) {
+	c.hooks.Pet = append(c.hooks.Pet, hooks...)
+}
+
+// Create returns a builder for creating a Pet entity.
+func (c *PetClient) Create() *PetCreate {
+	mutation := newPetMutation(c.config, OpCreate)
+	return &PetCreate{config: c.config, hooks: c.Hooks(), mutation: mutation}
+}
+
+// CreateBulk returns a builder for creating a bulk of Pet entities.
+func (c *PetClient) CreateBulk(builders ...*PetCreate) *PetCreateBulk {
+	return &PetCreateBulk{config: c.config, builders: builders}
+}
+
+// Update returns an update builder for Pet.
+func (c *PetClient) Update() *PetUpdate {
+	mutation := newPetMutation(c.config, OpUpdate)
+	return &PetUpdate{config: c.config, hooks: c.Hooks(), mutation: mutation}
+}
+
+// UpdateOne returns an update builder for the given entity.
+func (c *PetClient) UpdateOne(pe *Pet) *PetUpdateOne {
+	mutation := newPetMutation(c.config, OpUpdateOne, withPet(pe))
+	return &PetUpdateOne{config: c.config, hooks: c.Hooks(), mutation: mutation}
+}
+
+// UpdateOneID returns an update builder for the given id.
+func (c *PetClient) UpdateOneID(id int) *PetUpdateOne {
+	mutation := newPetMutation(c.config, OpUpdateOne, withPetID(id))
+	return &PetUpdateOne{config: c.config, hooks: c.Hooks(), mutation: mutation}
+}
+
+// Delete returns a delete builder for Pet.
+func (c *PetClient) Delete() *PetDelete {
+	mutation := newPetMutation(c.config, OpDelete)
+	return &PetDelete{config: c.config, hooks: c.Hooks(), mutation: mutation}
+}
+
+// DeleteOne returns a builder for deleting the given entity.
+func (c *PetClient) DeleteOne(pe *Pet) *PetDeleteOne {
+	return c.DeleteOneID(pe.ID)
+}
+
+// DeleteOneID returns a builder for deleting the given entity by its id.
+func (c *PetClient) DeleteOneID(id int) *PetDeleteOne {
+	builder := c.Delete().Where(pet.ID(id))
+	builder.mutation.id = &id
+	builder.mutation.op = OpDeleteOne
+	return &PetDeleteOne{builder}
+}
+
+// Query returns a query builder for Pet.
+func (c *PetClient) Query() *PetQuery {
+	return &PetQuery{
+		config: c.config,
+	}
+}
+
+// Get returns a Pet entity by its id.
+func (c *PetClient) Get(ctx context.Context, id int) (*Pet, error) {
+	return c.Query().Where(pet.ID(id)).Only(ctx)
+}
+
+// GetX is like Get, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (c *PetClient) GetX(ctx context.Context, id int) *Pet {
+	obj, err := c.Get(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return obj
+}
+
+// QueryOwner queries the owner edge of a Pet.
+func (c *PetClient) QueryOwner(pe *Pet) *UserQuery {
+	query := &UserQuery{config: c.config}
+	query.path = func(context.Context) (fromV *sql.Selector, _ error) {
+		id := pe.ID
+		step := sqlgraph.NewStep(
+			sqlgraph.From(pet.Table, pet.FieldID, id),
+			sqlgraph.To(user.Table, user.FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.Edge(sqlgraph.M2O, true, pet.OwnerTable, pet.OwnerColumn),
+		)
+		fromV = sqlgraph.Neighbors(pe.driver.Dialect(), step)
+		return fromV, nil
+	}
+	return query
+}
+
+// Hooks returns the client hooks.
+func (c *PetClient) Hooks() []Hook {
+	return c.hooks.Pet
+}
+
+// UserClient is a client for the User schema.
+type UserClient struct {
+	config
+}
+
+// NewUserClient returns a client for the User from the given config.
+func NewUserClient(c config) *UserClient {
+	return &UserClient{config: c}
+}
+
+// Use adds a list of mutation hooks to the hooks stack.
+// A call to `Use(f, g, h)` equals to `user.Hooks(f(g(h())))`.
+func (c *UserClient) Use(hooks ...Hook) {
+	c.hooks.User = append(c.hooks.User, hooks...)
+}
+
+// Create returns a builder for creating a User entity.
+func (c *UserClient) Create() *UserCreate {
+	mutation := newUserMutation(c.config, OpCreate)
+	return &UserCreate{config: c.config, hooks: c.Hooks(), mutation: mutation}
+}
+
+// CreateBulk returns a builder for creating a bulk of User entities.
+func (c *UserClient) CreateBulk(builders ...*UserCreate) *UserCreateBulk {
+	return &UserCreateBulk{config: c.config, builders: builders}
+}
+
+// Update returns an update builder for User.
+func (c *UserClient) Update() *UserUpdate {
+	mutation := newUserMutation(c.config, OpUpdate)
+	return &UserUpdate{config: c.config, hooks: c.Hooks(), mutation: mutation}
+}
+
+// UpdateOne returns an update builder for the given entity.
+func (c *UserClient) UpdateOne(u *User) *UserUpdateOne {
+	mutation := newUserMutation(c.config, OpUpdateOne, withUser(u))
+	return &UserUpdateOne{config: c.config, hooks: c.Hooks(), mutation: mutation}
+}
+
+// UpdateOneID returns an update builder for the given id.
+func (c *UserClient) UpdateOneID(id int) *UserUpdateOne {
+	mutation := newUserMutation(c.config, OpUpdateOne, withUserID(id))
+	return &UserUpdateOne{config: c.config, hooks: c.Hooks(), mutation: mutation}
+}
+
+// Delete returns a delete builder for User.
+func (c *UserClient) Delete() *UserDelete {
+	mutation := newUserMutation(c.config, OpDelete)
+	return &UserDelete{config: c.config, hooks: c.Hooks(), mutation: mutation}
+}
+
+// DeleteOne returns a builder for deleting the given entity.
+func (c *UserClient) DeleteOne(u *User) *UserDeleteOne {
+	return c.DeleteOneID(u.ID)
+}
+
+// DeleteOneID returns a builder for deleting the given entity by its id.
+func (c *UserClient) DeleteOneID(id int) *UserDeleteOne {
+	builder := c.Delete().Where(user.ID(id))
+	builder.mutation.id = &id
+	builder.mutation.op = OpDeleteOne
+	return &UserDeleteOne{builder}
+}
+
+// Query returns a query builder for User.
+func (c *UserClient) Query() *UserQuery {
+	return &UserQuery{
+		config: c.config,
+	}
+}
+
+// Get returns a User entity by its id.
+func (c *UserClient) Get(ctx context.Context, id int) (*User, error) {
+	return c.Query().Where(user.ID(id)).Only(ctx)
+}
+
+// GetX is like Get, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (c *UserClient) GetX(ctx context.Context, id int) *User {
+	obj, err := c.Get(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return obj
+}
+
+// QueryPets queries the pets edge of a User.
+func (c *UserClient) QueryPets(u *User) *PetQuery {
+	query := &PetQuery{config: c.config}
+	query.path = func(context.Context) (fromV *sql.Selector, _ error) {
+		id := u.ID
+		step := sqlgraph.NewStep(
+			sqlgraph.From(user.Table, user.FieldID, id),
+			sqlgraph.To(pet.Table, pet.FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.Edge(sqlgraph.O2M, false, user.PetsTable, user.PetsColumn),
+		)
+		fromV = sqlgraph.Neighbors(u.driver.Dialect(), step)
+		return fromV, nil
+	}
+	return query
+}
+
+// Hooks returns the client hooks.
+func (c *UserClient) Hooks() []Hook {
+	return c.hooks.User
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"entgo.io/ent"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect"
+)
+
+// Option function to configure the client.
+type Option func(*config)
+
+// Config is the configuration for the client and its builder.
+type config struct {
+	// driver used for executing database requests.
+	driver dialect.Driver
+	// debug enable a debug logging.
+	debug bool
+	// log used for logging on debug mode.
+	log func(...any)
+	// hooks to execute on mutations.
+	hooks *hooks
+}
+
+// hooks per client, for fast access.
+type hooks struct {
+	Pet  []ent.Hook
+	User []ent.Hook
+}
+
+// Options applies the options on the config object.
+func (c *config) options(opts ...Option) {
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(c)
+	}
+	if c.debug {
+		c.driver = dialect.Debug(c.driver, c.log)
+	}
+}
+
+// Debug enables debug logging on the ent.Driver.
+func Debug() Option {
+	return func(c *config) {
+		c.debug = true
+	}
+}
+
+// Log sets the logging function for debug mode.
+func Log(fn func(...any)) Option {
+	return func(c *config) {
+		c.log = fn
+	}
+}
+
+// Driver configures the client driver.
+func Driver(driver dialect.Driver) Option {
+	return func(c *config) {
+		c.driver = driver
+	}
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/context.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+)
+
+type clientCtxKey struct{}
+
+// FromContext returns a Client stored inside a context, or nil if there isn't one.
+func FromContext(ctx context.Context) *Client {
+	c, _ := ctx.Value(clientCtxKey{}).(*Client)
+	return c
+}
+
+// NewContext returns a new context with the given Client attached.
+func NewContext(parent context.Context, c *Client) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(parent, clientCtxKey{}, c)
+}
+
+type txCtxKey struct{}
+
+// TxFromContext returns a Tx stored inside a context, or nil if there isn't one.
+func TxFromContext(ctx context.Context) *Tx {
+	tx, _ := ctx.Value(txCtxKey{}).(*Tx)
+	return tx
+}
+
+// NewTxContext returns a new context with the given Tx attached.
+func NewTxContext(parent context.Context, tx *Tx) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(parent, txCtxKey{}, tx)
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/ent.go

@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/pet"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/user"
+)
+
+// ent aliases to avoid import conflicts in user's code.
+type (
+	Op         = ent.Op
+	Hook       = ent.Hook
+	Value      = ent.Value
+	Query      = ent.Query
+	Policy     = ent.Policy
+	Mutator    = ent.Mutator
+	Mutation   = ent.Mutation
+	MutateFunc = ent.MutateFunc
+)
+
+// OrderFunc applies an ordering on the sql selector.
+type OrderFunc func(*sql.Selector)
+
+// columnChecker returns a function indicates if the column exists in the given column.
+func columnChecker(table string) func(string) error {
+	checks := map[string]func(string) bool{
+		pet.Table:  pet.ValidColumn,
+		user.Table: user.ValidColumn,
+	}
+	check, ok := checks[table]
+	if !ok {
+		return func(string) error {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unknown table %q", table)
+		}
+	}
+	return func(column string) error {
+		if !check(column) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unknown column %q for table %q", column, table)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// Asc applies the given fields in ASC order.
+func Asc(fields ...string) OrderFunc {
+	return func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		check := columnChecker(s.TableName())
+		for _, f := range fields {
+			if err := check(f); err != nil {
+				s.AddError(&ValidationError{Name: f, err: fmt.Errorf("ent: %w", err)})
+			}
+			s.OrderBy(sql.Asc(s.C(f)))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Desc applies the given fields in DESC order.
+func Desc(fields ...string) OrderFunc {
+	return func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		check := columnChecker(s.TableName())
+		for _, f := range fields {
+			if err := check(f); err != nil {
+				s.AddError(&ValidationError{Name: f, err: fmt.Errorf("ent: %w", err)})
+			}
+			s.OrderBy(sql.Desc(s.C(f)))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// AggregateFunc applies an aggregation step on the group-by traversal/selector.
+type AggregateFunc func(*sql.Selector) string
+
+// As is a pseudo aggregation function for renaming another other functions with custom names. For example:
+//
+//	GroupBy(field1, field2).
+//	Aggregate(ent.As(ent.Sum(field1), "sum_field1"), (ent.As(ent.Sum(field2), "sum_field2")).
+//	Scan(ctx, &v)
+func As(fn AggregateFunc, end string) AggregateFunc {
+	return func(s *sql.Selector) string {
+		return sql.As(fn(s), end)
+	}
+}
+
+// Count applies the "count" aggregation function on each group.
+func Count() AggregateFunc {
+	return func(s *sql.Selector) string {
+		return sql.Count("*")
+	}
+}
+
+// Max applies the "max" aggregation function on the given field of each group.
+func Max(field string) AggregateFunc {
+	return func(s *sql.Selector) string {
+		check := columnChecker(s.TableName())
+		if err := check(field); err != nil {
+			s.AddError(&ValidationError{Name: field, err: fmt.Errorf("ent: %w", err)})
+			return ""
+		}
+		return sql.Max(s.C(field))
+	}
+}
+
+// Mean applies the "mean" aggregation function on the given field of each group.
+func Mean(field string) AggregateFunc {
+	return func(s *sql.Selector) string {
+		check := columnChecker(s.TableName())
+		if err := check(field); err != nil {
+			s.AddError(&ValidationError{Name: field, err: fmt.Errorf("ent: %w", err)})
+			return ""
+		}
+		return sql.Avg(s.C(field))
+	}
+}
+
+// Min applies the "min" aggregation function on the given field of each group.
+func Min(field string) AggregateFunc {
+	return func(s *sql.Selector) string {
+		check := columnChecker(s.TableName())
+		if err := check(field); err != nil {
+			s.AddError(&ValidationError{Name: field, err: fmt.Errorf("ent: %w", err)})
+			return ""
+		}
+		return sql.Min(s.C(field))
+	}
+}
+
+// Sum applies the "sum" aggregation function on the given field of each group.
+func Sum(field string) AggregateFunc {
+	return func(s *sql.Selector) string {
+		check := columnChecker(s.TableName())
+		if err := check(field); err != nil {
+			s.AddError(&ValidationError{Name: field, err: fmt.Errorf("ent: %w", err)})
+			return ""
+		}
+		return sql.Sum(s.C(field))
+	}
+}
+
+// ValidationError returns when validating a field or edge fails.
+type ValidationError struct {
+	Name string // Field or edge name.
+	err  error
+}
+
+// Error implements the error interface.
+func (e *ValidationError) Error() string {
+	return e.err.Error()
+}
+
+// Unwrap implements the errors.Wrapper interface.
+func (e *ValidationError) Unwrap() error {
+	return e.err
+}
+
+// IsValidationError returns a boolean indicating whether the error is a validation error.
+func IsValidationError(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	var e *ValidationError
+	return errors.As(err, &e)
+}
+
+// NotFoundError returns when trying to fetch a specific entity and it was not found in the database.
+type NotFoundError struct {
+	label string
+}
+
+// Error implements the error interface.
+func (e *NotFoundError) Error() string {
+	return "ent: " + e.label + " not found"
+}
+
+// IsNotFound returns a boolean indicating whether the error is a not found error.
+func IsNotFound(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	var e *NotFoundError
+	return errors.As(err, &e)
+}
+
+// MaskNotFound masks not found error.
+func MaskNotFound(err error) error {
+	if IsNotFound(err) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// NotSingularError returns when trying to fetch a singular entity and more then one was found in the database.
+type NotSingularError struct {
+	label string
+}
+
+// Error implements the error interface.
+func (e *NotSingularError) Error() string {
+	return "ent: " + e.label + " not singular"
+}
+
+// IsNotSingular returns a boolean indicating whether the error is a not singular error.
+func IsNotSingular(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	var e *NotSingularError
+	return errors.As(err, &e)
+}
+
+// NotLoadedError returns when trying to get a node that was not loaded by the query.
+type NotLoadedError struct {
+	edge string
+}
+
+// Error implements the error interface.
+func (e *NotLoadedError) Error() string {
+	return "ent: " + e.edge + " edge was not loaded"
+}
+
+// IsNotLoaded returns a boolean indicating whether the error is a not loaded error.
+func IsNotLoaded(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	var e *NotLoadedError
+	return errors.As(err, &e)
+}
+
+// ConstraintError returns when trying to create/update one or more entities and
+// one or more of their constraints failed. For example, violation of edge or
+// field uniqueness.
+type ConstraintError struct {
+	msg  string
+	wrap error
+}
+
+// Error implements the error interface.
+func (e ConstraintError) Error() string {
+	return "ent: constraint failed: " + e.msg
+}
+
+// Unwrap implements the errors.Wrapper interface.
+func (e *ConstraintError) Unwrap() error {
+	return e.wrap
+}
+
+// IsConstraintError returns a boolean indicating whether the error is a constraint failure.
+func IsConstraintError(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	var e *ConstraintError
+	return errors.As(err, &e)
+}
+
+// selector embedded by the different Select/GroupBy builders.
+type selector struct {
+	label string
+	flds  *[]string
+	fns   []AggregateFunc
+	scan  func(context.Context, any) error
+}
+
+// ScanX is like Scan, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (s *selector) ScanX(ctx context.Context, v any) {
+	if err := s.scan(ctx, v); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Strings returns list of strings from a selector. It is only allowed when selecting one field.
+func (s *selector) Strings(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+	if len(*s.flds) > 1 {
+		return nil, errors.New("ent: Strings is not achievable when selecting more than 1 field")
+	}
+	var v []string
+	if err := s.scan(ctx, &v); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return v, nil
+}
+
+// StringsX is like Strings, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (s *selector) StringsX(ctx context.Context) []string {
+	v, err := s.Strings(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// String returns a single string from a selector. It is only allowed when selecting one field.
+func (s *selector) String(ctx context.Context) (_ string, err error) {
+	var v []string
+	if v, err = s.Strings(ctx); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	switch len(v) {
+	case 1:
+		return v[0], nil
+	case 0:
+		err = &NotFoundError{s.label}
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("ent: Strings returned %d results when one was expected", len(v))
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// StringX is like String, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (s *selector) StringX(ctx context.Context) string {
+	v, err := s.String(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// Ints returns list of ints from a selector. It is only allowed when selecting one field.
+func (s *selector) Ints(ctx context.Context) ([]int, error) {
+	if len(*s.flds) > 1 {
+		return nil, errors.New("ent: Ints is not achievable when selecting more than 1 field")
+	}
+	var v []int
+	if err := s.scan(ctx, &v); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return v, nil
+}
+
+// IntsX is like Ints, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (s *selector) IntsX(ctx context.Context) []int {
+	v, err := s.Ints(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// Int returns a single int from a selector. It is only allowed when selecting one field.
+func (s *selector) Int(ctx context.Context) (_ int, err error) {
+	var v []int
+	if v, err = s.Ints(ctx); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	switch len(v) {
+	case 1:
+		return v[0], nil
+	case 0:
+		err = &NotFoundError{s.label}
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("ent: Ints returned %d results when one was expected", len(v))
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// IntX is like Int, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (s *selector) IntX(ctx context.Context) int {
+	v, err := s.Int(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// Float64s returns list of float64s from a selector. It is only allowed when selecting one field.
+func (s *selector) Float64s(ctx context.Context) ([]float64, error) {
+	if len(*s.flds) > 1 {
+		return nil, errors.New("ent: Float64s is not achievable when selecting more than 1 field")
+	}
+	var v []float64
+	if err := s.scan(ctx, &v); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return v, nil
+}
+
+// Float64sX is like Float64s, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (s *selector) Float64sX(ctx context.Context) []float64 {
+	v, err := s.Float64s(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// Float64 returns a single float64 from a selector. It is only allowed when selecting one field.
+func (s *selector) Float64(ctx context.Context) (_ float64, err error) {
+	var v []float64
+	if v, err = s.Float64s(ctx); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	switch len(v) {
+	case 1:
+		return v[0], nil
+	case 0:
+		err = &NotFoundError{s.label}
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("ent: Float64s returned %d results when one was expected", len(v))
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// Float64X is like Float64, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (s *selector) Float64X(ctx context.Context) float64 {
+	v, err := s.Float64(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// Bools returns list of bools from a selector. It is only allowed when selecting one field.
+func (s *selector) Bools(ctx context.Context) ([]bool, error) {
+	if len(*s.flds) > 1 {
+		return nil, errors.New("ent: Bools is not achievable when selecting more than 1 field")
+	}
+	var v []bool
+	if err := s.scan(ctx, &v); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return v, nil
+}
+
+// BoolsX is like Bools, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (s *selector) BoolsX(ctx context.Context) []bool {
+	v, err := s.Bools(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// Bool returns a single bool from a selector. It is only allowed when selecting one field.
+func (s *selector) Bool(ctx context.Context) (_ bool, err error) {
+	var v []bool
+	if v, err = s.Bools(ctx); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	switch len(v) {
+	case 1:
+		return v[0], nil
+	case 0:
+		err = &NotFoundError{s.label}
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("ent: Bools returned %d results when one was expected", len(v))
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// BoolX is like Bool, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (s *selector) BoolX(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	v, err := s.Bool(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// queryHook describes an internal hook for the different sqlAll methods.
+type queryHook func(context.Context, *sqlgraph.QuerySpec)

examples/jsonencode/ent/entc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+//go:build ignore
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"log"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/entc"
+	"entgo.io/ent/entc/gen"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/edge"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	opts := []entc.Option{
+		entc.Extensions(
+			&EncodeExtension{},
+		),
+	}
+	err := entc.Generate("./schema", &gen.Config{
+		Header: `
+			// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+			// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+			// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+			// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+		`,
+	}, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("running ent codegen: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// EncodeExtension is an implementation of entc.Extension that adds a MarshalJSON
+// method to each generated type <T> and inlines the Edges field to the top level JSON.
+type EncodeExtension struct {
+	entc.DefaultExtension
+}
+
+// Templates of the extension.
+func (e *EncodeExtension) Templates() []*gen.Template {
+	return []*gen.Template{
+		gen.MustParse(gen.NewTemplate("model/additional/jsonencode").
+			Parse(`
+// MarshalJSON implements the json.Marshaler interface.
+func ({{ $.Receiver }} *{{ $.Name }}) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	type Alias {{ $.Name }}
+	return json.Marshal(&struct {
+		*Alias
+		{{ $.Name }}Edges
+	}{
+		Alias: (*Alias)({{ $.Receiver }}),
+		{{ $.Name }}Edges: {{ $.Receiver }}.Edges,
+	})
+}
+`)),
+	}
+}
+
+// Hooks of the extension.
+func (e *EncodeExtension) Hooks() []gen.Hook {
+	return []gen.Hook{
+		func(next gen.Generator) gen.Generator {
+			return gen.GenerateFunc(func(g *gen.Graph) error {
+				tag := edge.Annotation{StructTag: `json:"-"`}
+				for _, n := range g.Nodes {
+					n.Annotations.Set(tag.Name(), tag)
+				}
+				return next.Generate(g)
+			})
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+var _ entc.Extension = (*EncodeExtension)(nil)

examples/jsonencode/ent/enttest/enttest.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package enttest
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent"
+	// required by schema hooks.
+	_ "entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/runtime"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/schema"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/migrate"
+)
+
+type (
+	// TestingT is the interface that is shared between
+	// testing.T and testing.B and used by enttest.
+	TestingT interface {
+		FailNow()
+		Error(...any)
+	}
+
+	// Option configures client creation.
+	Option func(*options)
+
+	options struct {
+		opts        []ent.Option
+		migrateOpts []schema.MigrateOption
+	}
+)
+
+// WithOptions forwards options to client creation.
+func WithOptions(opts ...ent.Option) Option {
+	return func(o *options) {
+		o.opts = append(o.opts, opts...)
+	}
+}
+
+// WithMigrateOptions forwards options to auto migration.
+func WithMigrateOptions(opts ...schema.MigrateOption) Option {
+	return func(o *options) {
+		o.migrateOpts = append(o.migrateOpts, opts...)
+	}
+}
+
+func newOptions(opts []Option) *options {
+	o := &options{}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(o)
+	}
+	return o
+}
+
+// Open calls ent.Open and auto-run migration.
+func Open(t TestingT, driverName, dataSourceName string, opts ...Option) *ent.Client {
+	o := newOptions(opts)
+	c, err := ent.Open(driverName, dataSourceName, o.opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+		t.FailNow()
+	}
+	migrateSchema(t, c, o)
+	return c
+}
+
+// NewClient calls ent.NewClient and auto-run migration.
+func NewClient(t TestingT, opts ...Option) *ent.Client {
+	o := newOptions(opts)
+	c := ent.NewClient(o.opts...)
+	migrateSchema(t, c, o)
+	return c
+}
+func migrateSchema(t TestingT, c *ent.Client, o *options) {
+	tables, err := schema.CopyTables(migrate.Tables)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+		t.FailNow()
+	}
+	if err := migrate.Create(context.Background(), c.Schema, tables, o.migrateOpts...); err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+		t.FailNow()
+	}
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/generate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+package ent
+
+//go:generate go run -mod=mod entc.go

examples/jsonencode/ent/hook/hook.go

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package hook
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent"
+)
+
+// The PetFunc type is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary
+// function as Pet mutator.
+type PetFunc func(context.Context, *ent.PetMutation) (ent.Value, error)
+
+// Mutate calls f(ctx, m).
+func (f PetFunc) Mutate(ctx context.Context, m ent.Mutation) (ent.Value, error) {
+	mv, ok := m.(*ent.PetMutation)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T. expect *ent.PetMutation", m)
+	}
+	return f(ctx, mv)
+}
+
+// The UserFunc type is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary
+// function as User mutator.
+type UserFunc func(context.Context, *ent.UserMutation) (ent.Value, error)
+
+// Mutate calls f(ctx, m).
+func (f UserFunc) Mutate(ctx context.Context, m ent.Mutation) (ent.Value, error) {
+	mv, ok := m.(*ent.UserMutation)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T. expect *ent.UserMutation", m)
+	}
+	return f(ctx, mv)
+}
+
+// Condition is a hook condition function.
+type Condition func(context.Context, ent.Mutation) bool
+
+// And groups conditions with the AND operator.
+func And(first, second Condition, rest ...Condition) Condition {
+	return func(ctx context.Context, m ent.Mutation) bool {
+		if !first(ctx, m) || !second(ctx, m) {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, cond := range rest {
+			if !cond(ctx, m) {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+// Or groups conditions with the OR operator.
+func Or(first, second Condition, rest ...Condition) Condition {
+	return func(ctx context.Context, m ent.Mutation) bool {
+		if first(ctx, m) || second(ctx, m) {
+			return true
+		}
+		for _, cond := range rest {
+			if cond(ctx, m) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// Not negates a given condition.
+func Not(cond Condition) Condition {
+	return func(ctx context.Context, m ent.Mutation) bool {
+		return !cond(ctx, m)
+	}
+}
+
+// HasOp is a condition testing mutation operation.
+func HasOp(op ent.Op) Condition {
+	return func(_ context.Context, m ent.Mutation) bool {
+		return m.Op().Is(op)
+	}
+}
+
+// HasAddedFields is a condition validating `.AddedField` on fields.
+func HasAddedFields(field string, fields ...string) Condition {
+	return func(_ context.Context, m ent.Mutation) bool {
+		if _, exists := m.AddedField(field); !exists {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, field := range fields {
+			if _, exists := m.AddedField(field); !exists {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+// HasClearedFields is a condition validating `.FieldCleared` on fields.
+func HasClearedFields(field string, fields ...string) Condition {
+	return func(_ context.Context, m ent.Mutation) bool {
+		if exists := m.FieldCleared(field); !exists {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, field := range fields {
+			if exists := m.FieldCleared(field); !exists {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+// HasFields is a condition validating `.Field` on fields.
+func HasFields(field string, fields ...string) Condition {
+	return func(_ context.Context, m ent.Mutation) bool {
+		if _, exists := m.Field(field); !exists {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, field := range fields {
+			if _, exists := m.Field(field); !exists {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+// If executes the given hook under condition.
+//
+//	hook.If(ComputeAverage, And(HasFields(...), HasAddedFields(...)))
+func If(hk ent.Hook, cond Condition) ent.Hook {
+	return func(next ent.Mutator) ent.Mutator {
+		return ent.MutateFunc(func(ctx context.Context, m ent.Mutation) (ent.Value, error) {
+			if cond(ctx, m) {
+				return hk(next).Mutate(ctx, m)
+			}
+			return next.Mutate(ctx, m)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// On executes the given hook only for the given operation.
+//
+//	hook.On(Log, ent.Delete|ent.Create)
+func On(hk ent.Hook, op ent.Op) ent.Hook {
+	return If(hk, HasOp(op))
+}
+
+// Unless skips the given hook only for the given operation.
+//
+//	hook.Unless(Log, ent.Update|ent.UpdateOne)
+func Unless(hk ent.Hook, op ent.Op) ent.Hook {
+	return If(hk, Not(HasOp(op)))
+}
+
+// FixedError is a hook returning a fixed error.
+func FixedError(err error) ent.Hook {
+	return func(ent.Mutator) ent.Mutator {
+		return ent.MutateFunc(func(context.Context, ent.Mutation) (ent.Value, error) {
+			return nil, err
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Reject returns a hook that rejects all operations that match op.
+//
+//	func (T) Hooks() []ent.Hook {
+//		return []ent.Hook{
+//			Reject(ent.Delete|ent.Update),
+//		}
+//	}
+func Reject(op ent.Op) ent.Hook {
+	hk := FixedError(fmt.Errorf("%s operation is not allowed", op))
+	return On(hk, op)
+}
+
+// Chain acts as a list of hooks and is effectively immutable.
+// Once created, it will always hold the same set of hooks in the same order.
+type Chain struct {
+	hooks []ent.Hook
+}
+
+// NewChain creates a new chain of hooks.
+func NewChain(hooks ...ent.Hook) Chain {
+	return Chain{append([]ent.Hook(nil), hooks...)}
+}
+
+// Hook chains the list of hooks and returns the final hook.
+func (c Chain) Hook() ent.Hook {
+	return func(mutator ent.Mutator) ent.Mutator {
+		for i := len(c.hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			mutator = c.hooks[i](mutator)
+		}
+		return mutator
+	}
+}
+
+// Append extends a chain, adding the specified hook
+// as the last ones in the mutation flow.
+func (c Chain) Append(hooks ...ent.Hook) Chain {
+	newHooks := make([]ent.Hook, 0, len(c.hooks)+len(hooks))
+	newHooks = append(newHooks, c.hooks...)
+	newHooks = append(newHooks, hooks...)
+	return Chain{newHooks}
+}
+
+// Extend extends a chain, adding the specified chain
+// as the last ones in the mutation flow.
+func (c Chain) Extend(chain Chain) Chain {
+	return c.Append(chain.hooks...)
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/migrate/migrate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package migrate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/schema"
+)
+
+var (
+	// WithGlobalUniqueID sets the universal ids options to the migration.
+	// If this option is enabled, ent migration will allocate a 1<<32 range
+	// for the ids of each entity (table).
+	// Note that this option cannot be applied on tables that already exist.
+	WithGlobalUniqueID = schema.WithGlobalUniqueID
+	// WithDropColumn sets the drop column option to the migration.
+	// If this option is enabled, ent migration will drop old columns
+	// that were used for both fields and edges. This defaults to false.
+	WithDropColumn = schema.WithDropColumn
+	// WithDropIndex sets the drop index option to the migration.
+	// If this option is enabled, ent migration will drop old indexes
+	// that were defined in the schema. This defaults to false.
+	// Note that unique constraints are defined using `UNIQUE INDEX`,
+	// and therefore, it's recommended to enable this option to get more
+	// flexibility in the schema changes.
+	WithDropIndex = schema.WithDropIndex
+	// WithForeignKeys enables creating foreign-key in schema DDL. This defaults to true.
+	WithForeignKeys = schema.WithForeignKeys
+)
+
+// Schema is the API for creating, migrating and dropping a schema.
+type Schema struct {
+	drv dialect.Driver
+}
+
+// NewSchema creates a new schema client.
+func NewSchema(drv dialect.Driver) *Schema { return &Schema{drv: drv} }
+
+// Create creates all schema resources.
+func (s *Schema) Create(ctx context.Context, opts ...schema.MigrateOption) error {
+	return Create(ctx, s, Tables, opts...)
+}
+
+// Create creates all table resources using the given schema driver.
+func Create(ctx context.Context, s *Schema, tables []*schema.Table, opts ...schema.MigrateOption) error {
+	migrate, err := schema.NewMigrate(s.drv, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ent/migrate: %w", err)
+	}
+	return migrate.Create(ctx, tables...)
+}
+
+// WriteTo writes the schema changes to w instead of running them against the database.
+//
+//	if err := client.Schema.WriteTo(context.Background(), os.Stdout); err != nil {
+//		log.Fatal(err)
+//	}
+func (s *Schema) WriteTo(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, opts ...schema.MigrateOption) error {
+	return Create(ctx, &Schema{drv: &schema.WriteDriver{Writer: w, Driver: s.drv}}, Tables, opts...)
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/migrate/schema.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package migrate
+
+import (
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/schema"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+)
+
+var (
+	// PetsColumns holds the columns for the "pets" table.
+	PetsColumns = []*schema.Column{
+		{Name: "id", Type: field.TypeInt, Increment: true},
+		{Name: "age", Type: field.TypeInt},
+		{Name: "name", Type: field.TypeString},
+		{Name: "owner_id", Type: field.TypeInt},
+	}
+	// PetsTable holds the schema information for the "pets" table.
+	PetsTable = &schema.Table{
+		Name:       "pets",
+		Columns:    PetsColumns,
+		PrimaryKey: []*schema.Column{PetsColumns[0]},
+		ForeignKeys: []*schema.ForeignKey{
+			{
+				Symbol:     "pets_users_pets",
+				Columns:    []*schema.Column{PetsColumns[3]},
+				RefColumns: []*schema.Column{UsersColumns[0]},
+				OnDelete:   schema.NoAction,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	// UsersColumns holds the columns for the "users" table.
+	UsersColumns = []*schema.Column{
+		{Name: "id", Type: field.TypeInt, Increment: true},
+		{Name: "age", Type: field.TypeInt},
+		{Name: "name", Type: field.TypeString},
+	}
+	// UsersTable holds the schema information for the "users" table.
+	UsersTable = &schema.Table{
+		Name:       "users",
+		Columns:    UsersColumns,
+		PrimaryKey: []*schema.Column{UsersColumns[0]},
+	}
+	// Tables holds all the tables in the schema.
+	Tables = []*schema.Table{
+		PetsTable,
+		UsersTable,
+	}
+)
+
+func init() {
+	PetsTable.ForeignKeys[0].RefTable = UsersTable
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/pet.go

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/pet"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/user"
+)
+
+// Pet is the model entity for the Pet schema.
+type Pet struct {
+	config `json:"-"`
+	// ID of the ent.
+	ID int `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	// Age holds the value of the "age" field.
+	Age int `json:"age,omitempty"`
+	// Name holds the value of the "name" field.
+	Name string `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	// OwnerID holds the value of the "owner_id" field.
+	OwnerID int `json:"owner_id,omitempty"`
+	// Edges holds the relations/edges for other nodes in the graph.
+	// The values are being populated by the PetQuery when eager-loading is set.
+	Edges PetEdges `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// PetEdges holds the relations/edges for other nodes in the graph.
+type PetEdges struct {
+	// Owner holds the value of the owner edge.
+	Owner *User `json:"owner,omitempty"`
+	// loadedTypes holds the information for reporting if a
+	// type was loaded (or requested) in eager-loading or not.
+	loadedTypes [1]bool
+}
+
+// OwnerOrErr returns the Owner value or an error if the edge
+// was not loaded in eager-loading, or loaded but was not found.
+func (e PetEdges) OwnerOrErr() (*User, error) {
+	if e.loadedTypes[0] {
+		if e.Owner == nil {
+			// Edge was loaded but was not found.
+			return nil, &NotFoundError{label: user.Label}
+		}
+		return e.Owner, nil
+	}
+	return nil, &NotLoadedError{edge: "owner"}
+}
+
+// scanValues returns the types for scanning values from sql.Rows.
+func (*Pet) scanValues(columns []string) ([]any, error) {
+	values := make([]any, len(columns))
+	for i := range columns {
+		switch columns[i] {
+		case pet.FieldID, pet.FieldAge, pet.FieldOwnerID:
+			values[i] = new(sql.NullInt64)
+		case pet.FieldName:
+			values[i] = new(sql.NullString)
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected column %q for type Pet", columns[i])
+		}
+	}
+	return values, nil
+}
+
+// assignValues assigns the values that were returned from sql.Rows (after scanning)
+// to the Pet fields.
+func (pe *Pet) assignValues(columns []string, values []any) error {
+	if m, n := len(values), len(columns); m < n {
+		return fmt.Errorf("mismatch number of scan values: %d != %d", m, n)
+	}
+	for i := range columns {
+		switch columns[i] {
+		case pet.FieldID:
+			value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullInt64)
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field id", value)
+			}
+			pe.ID = int(value.Int64)
+		case pet.FieldAge:
+			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullInt64); !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field age", values[i])
+			} else if value.Valid {
+				pe.Age = int(value.Int64)
+			}
+		case pet.FieldName:
+			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullString); !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field name", values[i])
+			} else if value.Valid {
+				pe.Name = value.String
+			}
+		case pet.FieldOwnerID:
+			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullInt64); !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field owner_id", values[i])
+			} else if value.Valid {
+				pe.OwnerID = int(value.Int64)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// QueryOwner queries the "owner" edge of the Pet entity.
+func (pe *Pet) QueryOwner() *UserQuery {
+	return (&PetClient{config: pe.config}).QueryOwner(pe)
+}
+
+// Update returns a builder for updating this Pet.
+// Note that you need to call Pet.Unwrap() before calling this method if this Pet
+// was returned from a transaction, and the transaction was committed or rolled back.
+func (pe *Pet) Update() *PetUpdateOne {
+	return (&PetClient{config: pe.config}).UpdateOne(pe)
+}
+
+// Unwrap unwraps the Pet entity that was returned from a transaction after it was closed,
+// so that all future queries will be executed through the driver which created the transaction.
+func (pe *Pet) Unwrap() *Pet {
+	_tx, ok := pe.config.driver.(*txDriver)
+	if !ok {
+		panic("ent: Pet is not a transactional entity")
+	}
+	pe.config.driver = _tx.drv
+	return pe
+}
+
+// String implements the fmt.Stringer.
+func (pe *Pet) String() string {
+	var builder strings.Builder
+	builder.WriteString("Pet(")
+	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("id=%v, ", pe.ID))
+	builder.WriteString("age=")
+	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", pe.Age))
+	builder.WriteString(", ")
+	builder.WriteString("name=")
+	builder.WriteString(pe.Name)
+	builder.WriteString(", ")
+	builder.WriteString("owner_id=")
+	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", pe.OwnerID))
+	builder.WriteByte(')')
+	return builder.String()
+}
+
+// MarshalJSON implements the json.Marshaler interface.
+func (pe *Pet) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	type Alias Pet
+	return json.Marshal(&struct {
+		*Alias
+		PetEdges
+	}{
+		Alias:    (*Alias)(pe),
+		PetEdges: pe.Edges,
+	})
+}
+
+// Pets is a parsable slice of Pet.
+type Pets []*Pet
+
+func (pe Pets) config(cfg config) {
+	for _i := range pe {
+		pe[_i].config = cfg
+	}
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/pet/pet.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package pet
+
+const (
+	// Label holds the string label denoting the pet type in the database.
+	Label = "pet"
+	// FieldID holds the string denoting the id field in the database.
+	FieldID = "id"
+	// FieldAge holds the string denoting the age field in the database.
+	FieldAge = "age"
+	// FieldName holds the string denoting the name field in the database.
+	FieldName = "name"
+	// FieldOwnerID holds the string denoting the owner_id field in the database.
+	FieldOwnerID = "owner_id"
+	// EdgeOwner holds the string denoting the owner edge name in mutations.
+	EdgeOwner = "owner"
+	// Table holds the table name of the pet in the database.
+	Table = "pets"
+	// OwnerTable is the table that holds the owner relation/edge.
+	OwnerTable = "pets"
+	// OwnerInverseTable is the table name for the User entity.
+	// It exists in this package in order to avoid circular dependency with the "user" package.
+	OwnerInverseTable = "users"
+	// OwnerColumn is the table column denoting the owner relation/edge.
+	OwnerColumn = "owner_id"
+)
+
+// Columns holds all SQL columns for pet fields.
+var Columns = []string{
+	FieldID,
+	FieldAge,
+	FieldName,
+	FieldOwnerID,
+}
+
+// ValidColumn reports if the column name is valid (part of the table columns).
+func ValidColumn(column string) bool {
+	for i := range Columns {
+		if column == Columns[i] {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/pet/where.go

@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package pet
+
+import (
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/predicate"
+)
+
+// ID filters vertices based on their ID field.
+func ID(id int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDEQ applies the EQ predicate on the ID field.
+func IDEQ(id int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the ID field.
+func IDNEQ(id int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NEQ(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDIn applies the In predicate on the ID field.
+func IDIn(ids ...int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		v := make([]any, len(ids))
+		for i := range v {
+			v[i] = ids[i]
+		}
+		s.Where(sql.In(s.C(FieldID), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDNotIn applies the NotIn predicate on the ID field.
+func IDNotIn(ids ...int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		v := make([]any, len(ids))
+		for i := range v {
+			v[i] = ids[i]
+		}
+		s.Where(sql.NotIn(s.C(FieldID), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDGT applies the GT predicate on the ID field.
+func IDGT(id int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GT(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDGTE applies the GTE predicate on the ID field.
+func IDGTE(id int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GTE(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDLT applies the LT predicate on the ID field.
+func IDLT(id int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LT(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDLTE applies the LTE predicate on the ID field.
+func IDLTE(id int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LTE(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// Age applies equality check predicate on the "age" field. It's identical to AgeEQ.
+func Age(v int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// Name applies equality check predicate on the "name" field. It's identical to NameEQ.
+func Name(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// OwnerID applies equality check predicate on the "owner_id" field. It's identical to OwnerIDEQ.
+func OwnerID(v int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldOwnerID), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeEQ(v int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeNEQ(v int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NEQ(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeIn applies the In predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeIn(vs ...int) predicate.Pet {
+	v := make([]any, len(vs))
+	for i := range v {
+		v[i] = vs[i]
+	}
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.In(s.C(FieldAge), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeNotIn applies the NotIn predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeNotIn(vs ...int) predicate.Pet {
+	v := make([]any, len(vs))
+	for i := range v {
+		v[i] = vs[i]
+	}
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NotIn(s.C(FieldAge), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeGT applies the GT predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeGT(v int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GT(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeGTE applies the GTE predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeGTE(v int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GTE(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeLT applies the LT predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeLT(v int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LT(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeLTE applies the LTE predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeLTE(v int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LTE(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameEQ(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameNEQ(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NEQ(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameIn applies the In predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameIn(vs ...string) predicate.Pet {
+	v := make([]any, len(vs))
+	for i := range v {
+		v[i] = vs[i]
+	}
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.In(s.C(FieldName), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameNotIn applies the NotIn predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameNotIn(vs ...string) predicate.Pet {
+	v := make([]any, len(vs))
+	for i := range v {
+		v[i] = vs[i]
+	}
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NotIn(s.C(FieldName), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameGT applies the GT predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameGT(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GT(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameGTE applies the GTE predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameGTE(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GTE(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameLT applies the LT predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameLT(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LT(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameLTE applies the LTE predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameLTE(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LTE(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameContains applies the Contains predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameContains(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.Contains(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameHasPrefix applies the HasPrefix predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameHasPrefix(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.HasPrefix(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameHasSuffix applies the HasSuffix predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameHasSuffix(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.HasSuffix(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameEqualFold applies the EqualFold predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameEqualFold(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EqualFold(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameContainsFold applies the ContainsFold predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameContainsFold(v string) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.ContainsFold(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// OwnerIDEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "owner_id" field.
+func OwnerIDEQ(v int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldOwnerID), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// OwnerIDNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the "owner_id" field.
+func OwnerIDNEQ(v int) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NEQ(s.C(FieldOwnerID), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// OwnerIDIn applies the In predicate on the "owner_id" field.
+func OwnerIDIn(vs ...int) predicate.Pet {
+	v := make([]any, len(vs))
+	for i := range v {
+		v[i] = vs[i]
+	}
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.In(s.C(FieldOwnerID), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// OwnerIDNotIn applies the NotIn predicate on the "owner_id" field.
+func OwnerIDNotIn(vs ...int) predicate.Pet {
+	v := make([]any, len(vs))
+	for i := range v {
+		v[i] = vs[i]
+	}
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NotIn(s.C(FieldOwnerID), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// HasOwner applies the HasEdge predicate on the "owner" edge.
+func HasOwner() predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		step := sqlgraph.NewStep(
+			sqlgraph.From(Table, FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.To(OwnerTable, FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.Edge(sqlgraph.M2O, true, OwnerTable, OwnerColumn),
+		)
+		sqlgraph.HasNeighbors(s, step)
+	})
+}
+
+// HasOwnerWith applies the HasEdge predicate on the "owner" edge with a given conditions (other predicates).
+func HasOwnerWith(preds ...predicate.User) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		step := sqlgraph.NewStep(
+			sqlgraph.From(Table, FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.To(OwnerInverseTable, FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.Edge(sqlgraph.M2O, true, OwnerTable, OwnerColumn),
+		)
+		sqlgraph.HasNeighborsWith(s, step, func(s *sql.Selector) {
+			for _, p := range preds {
+				p(s)
+			}
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+// And groups predicates with the AND operator between them.
+func And(predicates ...predicate.Pet) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s1 := s.Clone().SetP(nil)
+		for _, p := range predicates {
+			p(s1)
+		}
+		s.Where(s1.P())
+	})
+}
+
+// Or groups predicates with the OR operator between them.
+func Or(predicates ...predicate.Pet) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s1 := s.Clone().SetP(nil)
+		for i, p := range predicates {
+			if i > 0 {
+				s1.Or()
+			}
+			p(s1)
+		}
+		s.Where(s1.P())
+	})
+}
+
+// Not applies the not operator on the given predicate.
+func Not(p predicate.Pet) predicate.Pet {
+	return predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		p(s.Not())
+	})
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/pet_create.go

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/pet"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/user"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+)
+
+// PetCreate is the builder for creating a Pet entity.
+type PetCreate struct {
+	config
+	mutation *PetMutation
+	hooks    []Hook
+}
+
+// SetAge sets the "age" field.
+func (pc *PetCreate) SetAge(i int) *PetCreate {
+	pc.mutation.SetAge(i)
+	return pc
+}
+
+// SetName sets the "name" field.
+func (pc *PetCreate) SetName(s string) *PetCreate {
+	pc.mutation.SetName(s)
+	return pc
+}
+
+// SetOwnerID sets the "owner_id" field.
+func (pc *PetCreate) SetOwnerID(i int) *PetCreate {
+	pc.mutation.SetOwnerID(i)
+	return pc
+}
+
+// SetOwner sets the "owner" edge to the User entity.
+func (pc *PetCreate) SetOwner(u *User) *PetCreate {
+	return pc.SetOwnerID(u.ID)
+}
+
+// Mutation returns the PetMutation object of the builder.
+func (pc *PetCreate) Mutation() *PetMutation {
+	return pc.mutation
+}
+
+// Save creates the Pet in the database.
+func (pc *PetCreate) Save(ctx context.Context) (*Pet, error) {
+	var (
+		err  error
+		node *Pet
+	)
+	if len(pc.hooks) == 0 {
+		if err = pc.check(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		node, err = pc.sqlSave(ctx)
+	} else {
+		var mut Mutator = MutateFunc(func(ctx context.Context, m Mutation) (Value, error) {
+			mutation, ok := m.(*PetMutation)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T", m)
+			}
+			if err = pc.check(); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			pc.mutation = mutation
+			if node, err = pc.sqlSave(ctx); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			mutation.id = &node.ID
+			mutation.done = true
+			return node, err
+		})
+		for i := len(pc.hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if pc.hooks[i] == nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("ent: uninitialized hook (forgotten import ent/runtime?)")
+			}
+			mut = pc.hooks[i](mut)
+		}
+		v, err := mut.Mutate(ctx, pc.mutation)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		nv, ok := v.(*Pet)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected node type %T returned from PetMutation", v)
+		}
+		node = nv
+	}
+	return node, err
+}
+
+// SaveX calls Save and panics if Save returns an error.
+func (pc *PetCreate) SaveX(ctx context.Context) *Pet {
+	v, err := pc.Save(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// Exec executes the query.
+func (pc *PetCreate) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
+	_, err := pc.Save(ctx)
+	return err
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pc *PetCreate) ExecX(ctx context.Context) {
+	if err := pc.Exec(ctx); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// check runs all checks and user-defined validators on the builder.
+func (pc *PetCreate) check() error {
+	if _, ok := pc.mutation.Age(); !ok {
+		return &ValidationError{Name: "age", err: errors.New(`ent: missing required field "Pet.age"`)}
+	}
+	if _, ok := pc.mutation.Name(); !ok {
+		return &ValidationError{Name: "name", err: errors.New(`ent: missing required field "Pet.name"`)}
+	}
+	if _, ok := pc.mutation.OwnerID(); !ok {
+		return &ValidationError{Name: "owner_id", err: errors.New(`ent: missing required field "Pet.owner_id"`)}
+	}
+	if _, ok := pc.mutation.OwnerID(); !ok {
+		return &ValidationError{Name: "owner", err: errors.New(`ent: missing required edge "Pet.owner"`)}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (pc *PetCreate) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (*Pet, error) {
+	_node, _spec := pc.createSpec()
+	if err := sqlgraph.CreateNode(ctx, pc.driver, _spec); err != nil {
+		if sqlgraph.IsConstraintError(err) {
+			err = &ConstraintError{msg: err.Error(), wrap: err}
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	id := _spec.ID.Value.(int64)
+	_node.ID = int(id)
+	return _node, nil
+}
+
+func (pc *PetCreate) createSpec() (*Pet, *sqlgraph.CreateSpec) {
+	var (
+		_node = &Pet{config: pc.config}
+		_spec = &sqlgraph.CreateSpec{
+			Table: pet.Table,
+			ID: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+				Type:   field.TypeInt,
+				Column: pet.FieldID,
+			},
+		}
+	)
+	if value, ok := pc.mutation.Age(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(pet.FieldAge, field.TypeInt, value)
+		_node.Age = value
+	}
+	if value, ok := pc.mutation.Name(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(pet.FieldName, field.TypeString, value)
+		_node.Name = value
+	}
+	if nodes := pc.mutation.OwnerIDs(); len(nodes) > 0 {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.M2O,
+			Inverse: true,
+			Table:   pet.OwnerTable,
+			Columns: []string{pet.OwnerColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: user.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		for _, k := range nodes {
+			edge.Target.Nodes = append(edge.Target.Nodes, k)
+		}
+		_node.OwnerID = nodes[0]
+		_spec.Edges = append(_spec.Edges, edge)
+	}
+	return _node, _spec
+}
+
+// PetCreateBulk is the builder for creating many Pet entities in bulk.
+type PetCreateBulk struct {
+	config
+	builders []*PetCreate
+}
+
+// Save creates the Pet entities in the database.
+func (pcb *PetCreateBulk) Save(ctx context.Context) ([]*Pet, error) {
+	specs := make([]*sqlgraph.CreateSpec, len(pcb.builders))
+	nodes := make([]*Pet, len(pcb.builders))
+	mutators := make([]Mutator, len(pcb.builders))
+	for i := range pcb.builders {
+		func(i int, root context.Context) {
+			builder := pcb.builders[i]
+			var mut Mutator = MutateFunc(func(ctx context.Context, m Mutation) (Value, error) {
+				mutation, ok := m.(*PetMutation)
+				if !ok {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T", m)
+				}
+				if err := builder.check(); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				builder.mutation = mutation
+				nodes[i], specs[i] = builder.createSpec()
+				var err error
+				if i < len(mutators)-1 {
+					_, err = mutators[i+1].Mutate(root, pcb.builders[i+1].mutation)
+				} else {
+					spec := &sqlgraph.BatchCreateSpec{Nodes: specs}
+					// Invoke the actual operation on the latest mutation in the chain.
+					if err = sqlgraph.BatchCreate(ctx, pcb.driver, spec); err != nil {
+						if sqlgraph.IsConstraintError(err) {
+							err = &ConstraintError{msg: err.Error(), wrap: err}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				mutation.id = &nodes[i].ID
+				if specs[i].ID.Value != nil {
+					id := specs[i].ID.Value.(int64)
+					nodes[i].ID = int(id)
+				}
+				mutation.done = true
+				return nodes[i], nil
+			})
+			for i := len(builder.hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+				mut = builder.hooks[i](mut)
+			}
+			mutators[i] = mut
+		}(i, ctx)
+	}
+	if len(mutators) > 0 {
+		if _, err := mutators[0].Mutate(ctx, pcb.builders[0].mutation); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return nodes, nil
+}
+
+// SaveX is like Save, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pcb *PetCreateBulk) SaveX(ctx context.Context) []*Pet {
+	v, err := pcb.Save(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// Exec executes the query.
+func (pcb *PetCreateBulk) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
+	_, err := pcb.Save(ctx)
+	return err
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pcb *PetCreateBulk) ExecX(ctx context.Context) {
+	if err := pcb.Exec(ctx); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/pet_delete.go

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/pet"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/predicate"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+)
+
+// PetDelete is the builder for deleting a Pet entity.
+type PetDelete struct {
+	config
+	hooks    []Hook
+	mutation *PetMutation
+}
+
+// Where appends a list predicates to the PetDelete builder.
+func (pd *PetDelete) Where(ps ...predicate.Pet) *PetDelete {
+	pd.mutation.Where(ps...)
+	return pd
+}
+
+// Exec executes the deletion query and returns how many vertices were deleted.
+func (pd *PetDelete) Exec(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	var (
+		err      error
+		affected int
+	)
+	if len(pd.hooks) == 0 {
+		affected, err = pd.sqlExec(ctx)
+	} else {
+		var mut Mutator = MutateFunc(func(ctx context.Context, m Mutation) (Value, error) {
+			mutation, ok := m.(*PetMutation)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T", m)
+			}
+			pd.mutation = mutation
+			affected, err = pd.sqlExec(ctx)
+			mutation.done = true
+			return affected, err
+		})
+		for i := len(pd.hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if pd.hooks[i] == nil {
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("ent: uninitialized hook (forgotten import ent/runtime?)")
+			}
+			mut = pd.hooks[i](mut)
+		}
+		if _, err := mut.Mutate(ctx, pd.mutation); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	}
+	return affected, err
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pd *PetDelete) ExecX(ctx context.Context) int {
+	n, err := pd.Exec(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func (pd *PetDelete) sqlExec(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	_spec := &sqlgraph.DeleteSpec{
+		Node: &sqlgraph.NodeSpec{
+			Table: pet.Table,
+			ID: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+				Type:   field.TypeInt,
+				Column: pet.FieldID,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	if ps := pd.mutation.predicates; len(ps) > 0 {
+		_spec.Predicate = func(selector *sql.Selector) {
+			for i := range ps {
+				ps[i](selector)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	affected, err := sqlgraph.DeleteNodes(ctx, pd.driver, _spec)
+	if err != nil && sqlgraph.IsConstraintError(err) {
+		err = &ConstraintError{msg: err.Error(), wrap: err}
+	}
+	return affected, err
+}
+
+// PetDeleteOne is the builder for deleting a single Pet entity.
+type PetDeleteOne struct {
+	pd *PetDelete
+}
+
+// Exec executes the deletion query.
+func (pdo *PetDeleteOne) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
+	n, err := pdo.pd.Exec(ctx)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		return err
+	case n == 0:
+		return &NotFoundError{pet.Label}
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pdo *PetDeleteOne) ExecX(ctx context.Context) {
+	pdo.pd.ExecX(ctx)
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/pet_query.go

@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/pet"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/predicate"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/user"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+)
+
+// PetQuery is the builder for querying Pet entities.
+type PetQuery struct {
+	config
+	limit      *int
+	offset     *int
+	unique     *bool
+	order      []OrderFunc
+	fields     []string
+	predicates []predicate.Pet
+	withOwner  *UserQuery
+	// intermediate query (i.e. traversal path).
+	sql  *sql.Selector
+	path func(context.Context) (*sql.Selector, error)
+}
+
+// Where adds a new predicate for the PetQuery builder.
+func (pq *PetQuery) Where(ps ...predicate.Pet) *PetQuery {
+	pq.predicates = append(pq.predicates, ps...)
+	return pq
+}
+
+// Limit adds a limit step to the query.
+func (pq *PetQuery) Limit(limit int) *PetQuery {
+	pq.limit = &limit
+	return pq
+}
+
+// Offset adds an offset step to the query.
+func (pq *PetQuery) Offset(offset int) *PetQuery {
+	pq.offset = &offset
+	return pq
+}
+
+// Unique configures the query builder to filter duplicate records on query.
+// By default, unique is set to true, and can be disabled using this method.
+func (pq *PetQuery) Unique(unique bool) *PetQuery {
+	pq.unique = &unique
+	return pq
+}
+
+// Order adds an order step to the query.
+func (pq *PetQuery) Order(o ...OrderFunc) *PetQuery {
+	pq.order = append(pq.order, o...)
+	return pq
+}
+
+// QueryOwner chains the current query on the "owner" edge.
+func (pq *PetQuery) QueryOwner() *UserQuery {
+	query := &UserQuery{config: pq.config}
+	query.path = func(ctx context.Context) (fromU *sql.Selector, err error) {
+		if err := pq.prepareQuery(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		selector := pq.sqlQuery(ctx)
+		if err := selector.Err(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		step := sqlgraph.NewStep(
+			sqlgraph.From(pet.Table, pet.FieldID, selector),
+			sqlgraph.To(user.Table, user.FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.Edge(sqlgraph.M2O, true, pet.OwnerTable, pet.OwnerColumn),
+		)
+		fromU = sqlgraph.SetNeighbors(pq.driver.Dialect(), step)
+		return fromU, nil
+	}
+	return query
+}
+
+// First returns the first Pet entity from the query.
+// Returns a *NotFoundError when no Pet was found.
+func (pq *PetQuery) First(ctx context.Context) (*Pet, error) {
+	nodes, err := pq.Limit(1).All(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(nodes) == 0 {
+		return nil, &NotFoundError{pet.Label}
+	}
+	return nodes[0], nil
+}
+
+// FirstX is like First, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pq *PetQuery) FirstX(ctx context.Context) *Pet {
+	node, err := pq.First(ctx)
+	if err != nil && !IsNotFound(err) {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return node
+}
+
+// FirstID returns the first Pet ID from the query.
+// Returns a *NotFoundError when no Pet ID was found.
+func (pq *PetQuery) FirstID(ctx context.Context) (id int, err error) {
+	var ids []int
+	if ids, err = pq.Limit(1).IDs(ctx); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if len(ids) == 0 {
+		err = &NotFoundError{pet.Label}
+		return
+	}
+	return ids[0], nil
+}
+
+// FirstIDX is like FirstID, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pq *PetQuery) FirstIDX(ctx context.Context) int {
+	id, err := pq.FirstID(ctx)
+	if err != nil && !IsNotFound(err) {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return id
+}
+
+// Only returns a single Pet entity found by the query, ensuring it only returns one.
+// Returns a *NotSingularError when more than one Pet entity is found.
+// Returns a *NotFoundError when no Pet entities are found.
+func (pq *PetQuery) Only(ctx context.Context) (*Pet, error) {
+	nodes, err := pq.Limit(2).All(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	switch len(nodes) {
+	case 1:
+		return nodes[0], nil
+	case 0:
+		return nil, &NotFoundError{pet.Label}
+	default:
+		return nil, &NotSingularError{pet.Label}
+	}
+}
+
+// OnlyX is like Only, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pq *PetQuery) OnlyX(ctx context.Context) *Pet {
+	node, err := pq.Only(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return node
+}
+
+// OnlyID is like Only, but returns the only Pet ID in the query.
+// Returns a *NotSingularError when more than one Pet ID is found.
+// Returns a *NotFoundError when no entities are found.
+func (pq *PetQuery) OnlyID(ctx context.Context) (id int, err error) {
+	var ids []int
+	if ids, err = pq.Limit(2).IDs(ctx); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	switch len(ids) {
+	case 1:
+		id = ids[0]
+	case 0:
+		err = &NotFoundError{pet.Label}
+	default:
+		err = &NotSingularError{pet.Label}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// OnlyIDX is like OnlyID, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pq *PetQuery) OnlyIDX(ctx context.Context) int {
+	id, err := pq.OnlyID(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return id
+}
+
+// All executes the query and returns a list of Pets.
+func (pq *PetQuery) All(ctx context.Context) ([]*Pet, error) {
+	if err := pq.prepareQuery(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return pq.sqlAll(ctx)
+}
+
+// AllX is like All, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pq *PetQuery) AllX(ctx context.Context) []*Pet {
+	nodes, err := pq.All(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return nodes
+}
+
+// IDs executes the query and returns a list of Pet IDs.
+func (pq *PetQuery) IDs(ctx context.Context) ([]int, error) {
+	var ids []int
+	if err := pq.Select(pet.FieldID).Scan(ctx, &ids); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ids, nil
+}
+
+// IDsX is like IDs, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pq *PetQuery) IDsX(ctx context.Context) []int {
+	ids, err := pq.IDs(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+// Count returns the count of the given query.
+func (pq *PetQuery) Count(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	if err := pq.prepareQuery(ctx); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return pq.sqlCount(ctx)
+}
+
+// CountX is like Count, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pq *PetQuery) CountX(ctx context.Context) int {
+	count, err := pq.Count(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return count
+}
+
+// Exist returns true if the query has elements in the graph.
+func (pq *PetQuery) Exist(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	switch _, err := pq.FirstID(ctx); {
+	case IsNotFound(err):
+		return false, nil
+	case err != nil:
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("ent: check existence: %w", err)
+	default:
+		return true, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// ExistX is like Exist, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pq *PetQuery) ExistX(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	exist, err := pq.Exist(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return exist
+}
+
+// Clone returns a duplicate of the PetQuery builder, including all associated steps. It can be
+// used to prepare common query builders and use them differently after the clone is made.
+func (pq *PetQuery) Clone() *PetQuery {
+	if pq == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &PetQuery{
+		config:     pq.config,
+		limit:      pq.limit,
+		offset:     pq.offset,
+		order:      append([]OrderFunc{}, pq.order...),
+		predicates: append([]predicate.Pet{}, pq.predicates...),
+		withOwner:  pq.withOwner.Clone(),
+		// clone intermediate query.
+		sql:    pq.sql.Clone(),
+		path:   pq.path,
+		unique: pq.unique,
+	}
+}
+
+// WithOwner tells the query-builder to eager-load the nodes that are connected to
+// the "owner" edge. The optional arguments are used to configure the query builder of the edge.
+func (pq *PetQuery) WithOwner(opts ...func(*UserQuery)) *PetQuery {
+	query := &UserQuery{config: pq.config}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(query)
+	}
+	pq.withOwner = query
+	return pq
+}
+
+// GroupBy is used to group vertices by one or more fields/columns.
+// It is often used with aggregate functions, like: count, max, mean, min, sum.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	var v []struct {
+//		Age int `json:"age,omitempty"`
+//		Count int `json:"count,omitempty"`
+//	}
+//
+//	client.Pet.Query().
+//		GroupBy(pet.FieldAge).
+//		Aggregate(ent.Count()).
+//		Scan(ctx, &v)
+func (pq *PetQuery) GroupBy(field string, fields ...string) *PetGroupBy {
+	grbuild := &PetGroupBy{config: pq.config}
+	grbuild.fields = append([]string{field}, fields...)
+	grbuild.path = func(ctx context.Context) (prev *sql.Selector, err error) {
+		if err := pq.prepareQuery(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return pq.sqlQuery(ctx), nil
+	}
+	grbuild.label = pet.Label
+	grbuild.flds, grbuild.scan = &grbuild.fields, grbuild.Scan
+	return grbuild
+}
+
+// Select allows the selection one or more fields/columns for the given query,
+// instead of selecting all fields in the entity.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	var v []struct {
+//		Age int `json:"age,omitempty"`
+//	}
+//
+//	client.Pet.Query().
+//		Select(pet.FieldAge).
+//		Scan(ctx, &v)
+func (pq *PetQuery) Select(fields ...string) *PetSelect {
+	pq.fields = append(pq.fields, fields...)
+	selbuild := &PetSelect{PetQuery: pq}
+	selbuild.label = pet.Label
+	selbuild.flds, selbuild.scan = &pq.fields, selbuild.Scan
+	return selbuild
+}
+
+// Aggregate returns a PetSelect configured with the given aggregations.
+func (pq *PetQuery) Aggregate(fns ...AggregateFunc) *PetSelect {
+	return pq.Select().Aggregate(fns...)
+}
+
+func (pq *PetQuery) prepareQuery(ctx context.Context) error {
+	for _, f := range pq.fields {
+		if !pet.ValidColumn(f) {
+			return &ValidationError{Name: f, err: fmt.Errorf("ent: invalid field %q for query", f)}
+		}
+	}
+	if pq.path != nil {
+		prev, err := pq.path(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		pq.sql = prev
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (pq *PetQuery) sqlAll(ctx context.Context, hooks ...queryHook) ([]*Pet, error) {
+	var (
+		nodes       = []*Pet{}
+		_spec       = pq.querySpec()
+		loadedTypes = [1]bool{
+			pq.withOwner != nil,
+		}
+	)
+	_spec.ScanValues = func(columns []string) ([]any, error) {
+		return (*Pet).scanValues(nil, columns)
+	}
+	_spec.Assign = func(columns []string, values []any) error {
+		node := &Pet{config: pq.config}
+		nodes = append(nodes, node)
+		node.Edges.loadedTypes = loadedTypes
+		return node.assignValues(columns, values)
+	}
+	for i := range hooks {
+		hooks[i](ctx, _spec)
+	}
+	if err := sqlgraph.QueryNodes(ctx, pq.driver, _spec); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(nodes) == 0 {
+		return nodes, nil
+	}
+	if query := pq.withOwner; query != nil {
+		if err := pq.loadOwner(ctx, query, nodes, nil,
+			func(n *Pet, e *User) { n.Edges.Owner = e }); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return nodes, nil
+}
+
+func (pq *PetQuery) loadOwner(ctx context.Context, query *UserQuery, nodes []*Pet, init func(*Pet), assign func(*Pet, *User)) error {
+	ids := make([]int, 0, len(nodes))
+	nodeids := make(map[int][]*Pet)
+	for i := range nodes {
+		fk := nodes[i].OwnerID
+		if _, ok := nodeids[fk]; !ok {
+			ids = append(ids, fk)
+		}
+		nodeids[fk] = append(nodeids[fk], nodes[i])
+	}
+	query.Where(user.IDIn(ids...))
+	neighbors, err := query.All(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, n := range neighbors {
+		nodes, ok := nodeids[n.ID]
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf(`unexpected foreign-key "owner_id" returned %v`, n.ID)
+		}
+		for i := range nodes {
+			assign(nodes[i], n)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (pq *PetQuery) sqlCount(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	_spec := pq.querySpec()
+	_spec.Node.Columns = pq.fields
+	if len(pq.fields) > 0 {
+		_spec.Unique = pq.unique != nil && *pq.unique
+	}
+	return sqlgraph.CountNodes(ctx, pq.driver, _spec)
+}
+
+func (pq *PetQuery) querySpec() *sqlgraph.QuerySpec {
+	_spec := &sqlgraph.QuerySpec{
+		Node: &sqlgraph.NodeSpec{
+			Table:   pet.Table,
+			Columns: pet.Columns,
+			ID: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+				Type:   field.TypeInt,
+				Column: pet.FieldID,
+			},
+		},
+		From:   pq.sql,
+		Unique: true,
+	}
+	if unique := pq.unique; unique != nil {
+		_spec.Unique = *unique
+	}
+	if fields := pq.fields; len(fields) > 0 {
+		_spec.Node.Columns = make([]string, 0, len(fields))
+		_spec.Node.Columns = append(_spec.Node.Columns, pet.FieldID)
+		for i := range fields {
+			if fields[i] != pet.FieldID {
+				_spec.Node.Columns = append(_spec.Node.Columns, fields[i])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if ps := pq.predicates; len(ps) > 0 {
+		_spec.Predicate = func(selector *sql.Selector) {
+			for i := range ps {
+				ps[i](selector)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if limit := pq.limit; limit != nil {
+		_spec.Limit = *limit
+	}
+	if offset := pq.offset; offset != nil {
+		_spec.Offset = *offset
+	}
+	if ps := pq.order; len(ps) > 0 {
+		_spec.Order = func(selector *sql.Selector) {
+			for i := range ps {
+				ps[i](selector)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return _spec
+}
+
+func (pq *PetQuery) sqlQuery(ctx context.Context) *sql.Selector {
+	builder := sql.Dialect(pq.driver.Dialect())
+	t1 := builder.Table(pet.Table)
+	columns := pq.fields
+	if len(columns) == 0 {
+		columns = pet.Columns
+	}
+	selector := builder.Select(t1.Columns(columns...)...).From(t1)
+	if pq.sql != nil {
+		selector = pq.sql
+		selector.Select(selector.Columns(columns...)...)
+	}
+	if pq.unique != nil && *pq.unique {
+		selector.Distinct()
+	}
+	for _, p := range pq.predicates {
+		p(selector)
+	}
+	for _, p := range pq.order {
+		p(selector)
+	}
+	if offset := pq.offset; offset != nil {
+		// limit is mandatory for offset clause. We start
+		// with default value, and override it below if needed.
+		selector.Offset(*offset).Limit(math.MaxInt32)
+	}
+	if limit := pq.limit; limit != nil {
+		selector.Limit(*limit)
+	}
+	return selector
+}
+
+// PetGroupBy is the group-by builder for Pet entities.
+type PetGroupBy struct {
+	config
+	selector
+	fields []string
+	fns    []AggregateFunc
+	// intermediate query (i.e. traversal path).
+	sql  *sql.Selector
+	path func(context.Context) (*sql.Selector, error)
+}
+
+// Aggregate adds the given aggregation functions to the group-by query.
+func (pgb *PetGroupBy) Aggregate(fns ...AggregateFunc) *PetGroupBy {
+	pgb.fns = append(pgb.fns, fns...)
+	return pgb
+}
+
+// Scan applies the group-by query and scans the result into the given value.
+func (pgb *PetGroupBy) Scan(ctx context.Context, v any) error {
+	query, err := pgb.path(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pgb.sql = query
+	return pgb.sqlScan(ctx, v)
+}
+
+func (pgb *PetGroupBy) sqlScan(ctx context.Context, v any) error {
+	for _, f := range pgb.fields {
+		if !pet.ValidColumn(f) {
+			return &ValidationError{Name: f, err: fmt.Errorf("invalid field %q for group-by", f)}
+		}
+	}
+	selector := pgb.sqlQuery()
+	if err := selector.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	rows := &sql.Rows{}
+	query, args := selector.Query()
+	if err := pgb.driver.Query(ctx, query, args, rows); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	return sql.ScanSlice(rows, v)
+}
+
+func (pgb *PetGroupBy) sqlQuery() *sql.Selector {
+	selector := pgb.sql.Select()
+	aggregation := make([]string, 0, len(pgb.fns))
+	for _, fn := range pgb.fns {
+		aggregation = append(aggregation, fn(selector))
+	}
+	if len(selector.SelectedColumns()) == 0 {
+		columns := make([]string, 0, len(pgb.fields)+len(pgb.fns))
+		for _, f := range pgb.fields {
+			columns = append(columns, selector.C(f))
+		}
+		columns = append(columns, aggregation...)
+		selector.Select(columns...)
+	}
+	return selector.GroupBy(selector.Columns(pgb.fields...)...)
+}
+
+// PetSelect is the builder for selecting fields of Pet entities.
+type PetSelect struct {
+	*PetQuery
+	selector
+	// intermediate query (i.e. traversal path).
+	sql *sql.Selector
+}
+
+// Aggregate adds the given aggregation functions to the selector query.
+func (ps *PetSelect) Aggregate(fns ...AggregateFunc) *PetSelect {
+	ps.fns = append(ps.fns, fns...)
+	return ps
+}
+
+// Scan applies the selector query and scans the result into the given value.
+func (ps *PetSelect) Scan(ctx context.Context, v any) error {
+	if err := ps.prepareQuery(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ps.sql = ps.PetQuery.sqlQuery(ctx)
+	return ps.sqlScan(ctx, v)
+}
+
+func (ps *PetSelect) sqlScan(ctx context.Context, v any) error {
+	aggregation := make([]string, 0, len(ps.fns))
+	for _, fn := range ps.fns {
+		aggregation = append(aggregation, fn(ps.sql))
+	}
+	switch n := len(*ps.selector.flds); {
+	case n == 0 && len(aggregation) > 0:
+		ps.sql.Select(aggregation...)
+	case n != 0 && len(aggregation) > 0:
+		ps.sql.AppendSelect(aggregation...)
+	}
+	rows := &sql.Rows{}
+	query, args := ps.sql.Query()
+	if err := ps.driver.Query(ctx, query, args, rows); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	return sql.ScanSlice(rows, v)
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/pet_update.go

@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/pet"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/predicate"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/user"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+)
+
+// PetUpdate is the builder for updating Pet entities.
+type PetUpdate struct {
+	config
+	hooks    []Hook
+	mutation *PetMutation
+}
+
+// Where appends a list predicates to the PetUpdate builder.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) Where(ps ...predicate.Pet) *PetUpdate {
+	pu.mutation.Where(ps...)
+	return pu
+}
+
+// SetAge sets the "age" field.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) SetAge(i int) *PetUpdate {
+	pu.mutation.ResetAge()
+	pu.mutation.SetAge(i)
+	return pu
+}
+
+// AddAge adds i to the "age" field.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) AddAge(i int) *PetUpdate {
+	pu.mutation.AddAge(i)
+	return pu
+}
+
+// SetName sets the "name" field.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) SetName(s string) *PetUpdate {
+	pu.mutation.SetName(s)
+	return pu
+}
+
+// SetOwnerID sets the "owner_id" field.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) SetOwnerID(i int) *PetUpdate {
+	pu.mutation.SetOwnerID(i)
+	return pu
+}
+
+// SetOwner sets the "owner" edge to the User entity.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) SetOwner(u *User) *PetUpdate {
+	return pu.SetOwnerID(u.ID)
+}
+
+// Mutation returns the PetMutation object of the builder.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) Mutation() *PetMutation {
+	return pu.mutation
+}
+
+// ClearOwner clears the "owner" edge to the User entity.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) ClearOwner() *PetUpdate {
+	pu.mutation.ClearOwner()
+	return pu
+}
+
+// Save executes the query and returns the number of nodes affected by the update operation.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) Save(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	var (
+		err      error
+		affected int
+	)
+	if len(pu.hooks) == 0 {
+		if err = pu.check(); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		affected, err = pu.sqlSave(ctx)
+	} else {
+		var mut Mutator = MutateFunc(func(ctx context.Context, m Mutation) (Value, error) {
+			mutation, ok := m.(*PetMutation)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T", m)
+			}
+			if err = pu.check(); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			pu.mutation = mutation
+			affected, err = pu.sqlSave(ctx)
+			mutation.done = true
+			return affected, err
+		})
+		for i := len(pu.hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if pu.hooks[i] == nil {
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("ent: uninitialized hook (forgotten import ent/runtime?)")
+			}
+			mut = pu.hooks[i](mut)
+		}
+		if _, err := mut.Mutate(ctx, pu.mutation); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	}
+	return affected, err
+}
+
+// SaveX is like Save, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) SaveX(ctx context.Context) int {
+	affected, err := pu.Save(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return affected
+}
+
+// Exec executes the query.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
+	_, err := pu.Save(ctx)
+	return err
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) ExecX(ctx context.Context) {
+	if err := pu.Exec(ctx); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// check runs all checks and user-defined validators on the builder.
+func (pu *PetUpdate) check() error {
+	if _, ok := pu.mutation.OwnerID(); pu.mutation.OwnerCleared() && !ok {
+		return errors.New(`ent: clearing a required unique edge "Pet.owner"`)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (pu *PetUpdate) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (n int, err error) {
+	_spec := &sqlgraph.UpdateSpec{
+		Node: &sqlgraph.NodeSpec{
+			Table:   pet.Table,
+			Columns: pet.Columns,
+			ID: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+				Type:   field.TypeInt,
+				Column: pet.FieldID,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	if ps := pu.mutation.predicates; len(ps) > 0 {
+		_spec.Predicate = func(selector *sql.Selector) {
+			for i := range ps {
+				ps[i](selector)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if value, ok := pu.mutation.Age(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(pet.FieldAge, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := pu.mutation.AddedAge(); ok {
+		_spec.AddField(pet.FieldAge, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := pu.mutation.Name(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(pet.FieldName, field.TypeString, value)
+	}
+	if pu.mutation.OwnerCleared() {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.M2O,
+			Inverse: true,
+			Table:   pet.OwnerTable,
+			Columns: []string{pet.OwnerColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: user.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		_spec.Edges.Clear = append(_spec.Edges.Clear, edge)
+	}
+	if nodes := pu.mutation.OwnerIDs(); len(nodes) > 0 {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.M2O,
+			Inverse: true,
+			Table:   pet.OwnerTable,
+			Columns: []string{pet.OwnerColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: user.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		for _, k := range nodes {
+			edge.Target.Nodes = append(edge.Target.Nodes, k)
+		}
+		_spec.Edges.Add = append(_spec.Edges.Add, edge)
+	}
+	if n, err = sqlgraph.UpdateNodes(ctx, pu.driver, _spec); err != nil {
+		if _, ok := err.(*sqlgraph.NotFoundError); ok {
+			err = &NotFoundError{pet.Label}
+		} else if sqlgraph.IsConstraintError(err) {
+			err = &ConstraintError{msg: err.Error(), wrap: err}
+		}
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// PetUpdateOne is the builder for updating a single Pet entity.
+type PetUpdateOne struct {
+	config
+	fields   []string
+	hooks    []Hook
+	mutation *PetMutation
+}
+
+// SetAge sets the "age" field.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) SetAge(i int) *PetUpdateOne {
+	puo.mutation.ResetAge()
+	puo.mutation.SetAge(i)
+	return puo
+}
+
+// AddAge adds i to the "age" field.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) AddAge(i int) *PetUpdateOne {
+	puo.mutation.AddAge(i)
+	return puo
+}
+
+// SetName sets the "name" field.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) SetName(s string) *PetUpdateOne {
+	puo.mutation.SetName(s)
+	return puo
+}
+
+// SetOwnerID sets the "owner_id" field.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) SetOwnerID(i int) *PetUpdateOne {
+	puo.mutation.SetOwnerID(i)
+	return puo
+}
+
+// SetOwner sets the "owner" edge to the User entity.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) SetOwner(u *User) *PetUpdateOne {
+	return puo.SetOwnerID(u.ID)
+}
+
+// Mutation returns the PetMutation object of the builder.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) Mutation() *PetMutation {
+	return puo.mutation
+}
+
+// ClearOwner clears the "owner" edge to the User entity.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) ClearOwner() *PetUpdateOne {
+	puo.mutation.ClearOwner()
+	return puo
+}
+
+// Select allows selecting one or more fields (columns) of the returned entity.
+// The default is selecting all fields defined in the entity schema.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) Select(field string, fields ...string) *PetUpdateOne {
+	puo.fields = append([]string{field}, fields...)
+	return puo
+}
+
+// Save executes the query and returns the updated Pet entity.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) Save(ctx context.Context) (*Pet, error) {
+	var (
+		err  error
+		node *Pet
+	)
+	if len(puo.hooks) == 0 {
+		if err = puo.check(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		node, err = puo.sqlSave(ctx)
+	} else {
+		var mut Mutator = MutateFunc(func(ctx context.Context, m Mutation) (Value, error) {
+			mutation, ok := m.(*PetMutation)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T", m)
+			}
+			if err = puo.check(); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			puo.mutation = mutation
+			node, err = puo.sqlSave(ctx)
+			mutation.done = true
+			return node, err
+		})
+		for i := len(puo.hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if puo.hooks[i] == nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("ent: uninitialized hook (forgotten import ent/runtime?)")
+			}
+			mut = puo.hooks[i](mut)
+		}
+		v, err := mut.Mutate(ctx, puo.mutation)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		nv, ok := v.(*Pet)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected node type %T returned from PetMutation", v)
+		}
+		node = nv
+	}
+	return node, err
+}
+
+// SaveX is like Save, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) SaveX(ctx context.Context) *Pet {
+	node, err := puo.Save(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return node
+}
+
+// Exec executes the query on the entity.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
+	_, err := puo.Save(ctx)
+	return err
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) ExecX(ctx context.Context) {
+	if err := puo.Exec(ctx); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// check runs all checks and user-defined validators on the builder.
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) check() error {
+	if _, ok := puo.mutation.OwnerID(); puo.mutation.OwnerCleared() && !ok {
+		return errors.New(`ent: clearing a required unique edge "Pet.owner"`)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (puo *PetUpdateOne) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node *Pet, err error) {
+	_spec := &sqlgraph.UpdateSpec{
+		Node: &sqlgraph.NodeSpec{
+			Table:   pet.Table,
+			Columns: pet.Columns,
+			ID: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+				Type:   field.TypeInt,
+				Column: pet.FieldID,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	id, ok := puo.mutation.ID()
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, &ValidationError{Name: "id", err: errors.New(`ent: missing "Pet.id" for update`)}
+	}
+	_spec.Node.ID.Value = id
+	if fields := puo.fields; len(fields) > 0 {
+		_spec.Node.Columns = make([]string, 0, len(fields))
+		_spec.Node.Columns = append(_spec.Node.Columns, pet.FieldID)
+		for _, f := range fields {
+			if !pet.ValidColumn(f) {
+				return nil, &ValidationError{Name: f, err: fmt.Errorf("ent: invalid field %q for query", f)}
+			}
+			if f != pet.FieldID {
+				_spec.Node.Columns = append(_spec.Node.Columns, f)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if ps := puo.mutation.predicates; len(ps) > 0 {
+		_spec.Predicate = func(selector *sql.Selector) {
+			for i := range ps {
+				ps[i](selector)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if value, ok := puo.mutation.Age(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(pet.FieldAge, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := puo.mutation.AddedAge(); ok {
+		_spec.AddField(pet.FieldAge, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := puo.mutation.Name(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(pet.FieldName, field.TypeString, value)
+	}
+	if puo.mutation.OwnerCleared() {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.M2O,
+			Inverse: true,
+			Table:   pet.OwnerTable,
+			Columns: []string{pet.OwnerColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: user.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		_spec.Edges.Clear = append(_spec.Edges.Clear, edge)
+	}
+	if nodes := puo.mutation.OwnerIDs(); len(nodes) > 0 {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.M2O,
+			Inverse: true,
+			Table:   pet.OwnerTable,
+			Columns: []string{pet.OwnerColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: user.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		for _, k := range nodes {
+			edge.Target.Nodes = append(edge.Target.Nodes, k)
+		}
+		_spec.Edges.Add = append(_spec.Edges.Add, edge)
+	}
+	_node = &Pet{config: puo.config}
+	_spec.Assign = _node.assignValues
+	_spec.ScanValues = _node.scanValues
+	if err = sqlgraph.UpdateNode(ctx, puo.driver, _spec); err != nil {
+		if _, ok := err.(*sqlgraph.NotFoundError); ok {
+			err = &NotFoundError{pet.Label}
+		} else if sqlgraph.IsConstraintError(err) {
+			err = &ConstraintError{msg: err.Error(), wrap: err}
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return _node, nil
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/predicate/predicate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package predicate
+
+import (
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+)
+
+// Pet is the predicate function for pet builders.
+type Pet func(*sql.Selector)
+
+// User is the predicate function for user builders.
+type User func(*sql.Selector)

examples/jsonencode/ent/runtime.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+// The init function reads all schema descriptors with runtime code
+// (default values, validators, hooks and policies) and stitches it
+// to their package variables.
+func init() {
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/runtime/runtime.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package runtime
+
+// The schema-stitching logic is generated in entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/runtime.go
+
+const (
+	Version = "(devel)" // Version of ent codegen.
+)

examples/jsonencode/ent/schema/pet.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+package schema
+
+import (
+	"entgo.io/ent"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/edge"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+)
+
+// Pet holds the schema definition for the Pet entity.
+type Pet struct {
+	ent.Schema
+}
+
+// Fields of the Pet.
+func (Pet) Fields() []ent.Field {
+	return []ent.Field{
+		field.Int("age"),
+		field.String("name"),
+		field.Int("owner_id"),
+	}
+}
+
+// Edges of the Pet.
+func (Pet) Edges() []ent.Edge {
+	return []ent.Edge{
+		edge.From("owner", User.Type).
+			Ref("pets").
+			Field("owner_id").
+			Required().
+			Unique(),
+	}
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/schema/user.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+package schema
+
+import (
+	"entgo.io/ent"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/edge"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+)
+
+// User holds the schema definition for the User entity.
+type User struct {
+	ent.Schema
+}
+
+// Fields of the User.
+func (User) Fields() []ent.Field {
+	return []ent.Field{
+		field.Int("age"),
+		field.String("name"),
+	}
+}
+
+// Edges of the User.
+func (User) Edges() []ent.Edge {
+	return []ent.Edge{
+		edge.To("pets", Pet.Type),
+	}
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/tx.go

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect"
+)
+
+// Tx is a transactional client that is created by calling Client.Tx().
+type Tx struct {
+	config
+	// Pet is the client for interacting with the Pet builders.
+	Pet *PetClient
+	// User is the client for interacting with the User builders.
+	User *UserClient
+
+	// lazily loaded.
+	client     *Client
+	clientOnce sync.Once
+	// ctx lives for the life of the transaction. It is
+	// the same context used by the underlying connection.
+	ctx context.Context
+}
+
+type (
+	// Committer is the interface that wraps the Commit method.
+	Committer interface {
+		Commit(context.Context, *Tx) error
+	}
+
+	// The CommitFunc type is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary
+	// function as a Committer. If f is a function with the appropriate
+	// signature, CommitFunc(f) is a Committer that calls f.
+	CommitFunc func(context.Context, *Tx) error
+
+	// CommitHook defines the "commit middleware". A function that gets a Committer
+	// and returns a Committer. For example:
+	//
+	//	hook := func(next ent.Committer) ent.Committer {
+	//		return ent.CommitFunc(func(ctx context.Context, tx *ent.Tx) error {
+	//			// Do some stuff before.
+	//			if err := next.Commit(ctx, tx); err != nil {
+	//				return err
+	//			}
+	//			// Do some stuff after.
+	//			return nil
+	//		})
+	//	}
+	//
+	CommitHook func(Committer) Committer
+)
+
+// Commit calls f(ctx, m).
+func (f CommitFunc) Commit(ctx context.Context, tx *Tx) error {
+	return f(ctx, tx)
+}
+
+// Commit commits the transaction.
+func (tx *Tx) Commit() error {
+	txDriver := tx.config.driver.(*txDriver)
+	var fn Committer = CommitFunc(func(context.Context, *Tx) error {
+		return txDriver.tx.Commit()
+	})
+	txDriver.mu.Lock()
+	hooks := append([]CommitHook(nil), txDriver.onCommit...)
+	txDriver.mu.Unlock()
+	for i := len(hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		fn = hooks[i](fn)
+	}
+	return fn.Commit(tx.ctx, tx)
+}
+
+// OnCommit adds a hook to call on commit.
+func (tx *Tx) OnCommit(f CommitHook) {
+	txDriver := tx.config.driver.(*txDriver)
+	txDriver.mu.Lock()
+	txDriver.onCommit = append(txDriver.onCommit, f)
+	txDriver.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+type (
+	// Rollbacker is the interface that wraps the Rollback method.
+	Rollbacker interface {
+		Rollback(context.Context, *Tx) error
+	}
+
+	// The RollbackFunc type is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary
+	// function as a Rollbacker. If f is a function with the appropriate
+	// signature, RollbackFunc(f) is a Rollbacker that calls f.
+	RollbackFunc func(context.Context, *Tx) error
+
+	// RollbackHook defines the "rollback middleware". A function that gets a Rollbacker
+	// and returns a Rollbacker. For example:
+	//
+	//	hook := func(next ent.Rollbacker) ent.Rollbacker {
+	//		return ent.RollbackFunc(func(ctx context.Context, tx *ent.Tx) error {
+	//			// Do some stuff before.
+	//			if err := next.Rollback(ctx, tx); err != nil {
+	//				return err
+	//			}
+	//			// Do some stuff after.
+	//			return nil
+	//		})
+	//	}
+	//
+	RollbackHook func(Rollbacker) Rollbacker
+)
+
+// Rollback calls f(ctx, m).
+func (f RollbackFunc) Rollback(ctx context.Context, tx *Tx) error {
+	return f(ctx, tx)
+}
+
+// Rollback rollbacks the transaction.
+func (tx *Tx) Rollback() error {
+	txDriver := tx.config.driver.(*txDriver)
+	var fn Rollbacker = RollbackFunc(func(context.Context, *Tx) error {
+		return txDriver.tx.Rollback()
+	})
+	txDriver.mu.Lock()
+	hooks := append([]RollbackHook(nil), txDriver.onRollback...)
+	txDriver.mu.Unlock()
+	for i := len(hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		fn = hooks[i](fn)
+	}
+	return fn.Rollback(tx.ctx, tx)
+}
+
+// OnRollback adds a hook to call on rollback.
+func (tx *Tx) OnRollback(f RollbackHook) {
+	txDriver := tx.config.driver.(*txDriver)
+	txDriver.mu.Lock()
+	txDriver.onRollback = append(txDriver.onRollback, f)
+	txDriver.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Client returns a Client that binds to current transaction.
+func (tx *Tx) Client() *Client {
+	tx.clientOnce.Do(func() {
+		tx.client = &Client{config: tx.config}
+		tx.client.init()
+	})
+	return tx.client
+}
+
+func (tx *Tx) init() {
+	tx.Pet = NewPetClient(tx.config)
+	tx.User = NewUserClient(tx.config)
+}
+
+// txDriver wraps the given dialect.Tx with a nop dialect.Driver implementation.
+// The idea is to support transactions without adding any extra code to the builders.
+// When a builder calls to driver.Tx(), it gets the same dialect.Tx instance.
+// Commit and Rollback are nop for the internal builders and the user must call one
+// of them in order to commit or rollback the transaction.
+//
+// If a closed transaction is embedded in one of the generated entities, and the entity
+// applies a query, for example: Pet.QueryXXX(), the query will be executed
+// through the driver which created this transaction.
+//
+// Note that txDriver is not goroutine safe.
+type txDriver struct {
+	// the driver we started the transaction from.
+	drv dialect.Driver
+	// tx is the underlying transaction.
+	tx dialect.Tx
+	// completion hooks.
+	mu         sync.Mutex
+	onCommit   []CommitHook
+	onRollback []RollbackHook
+}
+
+// newTx creates a new transactional driver.
+func newTx(ctx context.Context, drv dialect.Driver) (*txDriver, error) {
+	tx, err := drv.Tx(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &txDriver{tx: tx, drv: drv}, nil
+}
+
+// Tx returns the transaction wrapper (txDriver) to avoid Commit or Rollback calls
+// from the internal builders. Should be called only by the internal builders.
+func (tx *txDriver) Tx(context.Context) (dialect.Tx, error) { return tx, nil }
+
+// Dialect returns the dialect of the driver we started the transaction from.
+func (tx *txDriver) Dialect() string { return tx.drv.Dialect() }
+
+// Close is a nop close.
+func (*txDriver) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// Commit is a nop commit for the internal builders.
+// User must call `Tx.Commit` in order to commit the transaction.
+func (*txDriver) Commit() error { return nil }
+
+// Rollback is a nop rollback for the internal builders.
+// User must call `Tx.Rollback` in order to rollback the transaction.
+func (*txDriver) Rollback() error { return nil }
+
+// Exec calls tx.Exec.
+func (tx *txDriver) Exec(ctx context.Context, query string, args, v any) error {
+	return tx.tx.Exec(ctx, query, args, v)
+}
+
+// Query calls tx.Query.
+func (tx *txDriver) Query(ctx context.Context, query string, args, v any) error {
+	return tx.tx.Query(ctx, query, args, v)
+}
+
+var _ dialect.Driver = (*txDriver)(nil)

examples/jsonencode/ent/user.go

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/user"
+)
+
+// User is the model entity for the User schema.
+type User struct {
+	config `json:"-"`
+	// ID of the ent.
+	ID int `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	// Age holds the value of the "age" field.
+	Age int `json:"age,omitempty"`
+	// Name holds the value of the "name" field.
+	Name string `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	// Edges holds the relations/edges for other nodes in the graph.
+	// The values are being populated by the UserQuery when eager-loading is set.
+	Edges UserEdges `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// UserEdges holds the relations/edges for other nodes in the graph.
+type UserEdges struct {
+	// Pets holds the value of the pets edge.
+	Pets []*Pet `json:"pets,omitempty"`
+	// loadedTypes holds the information for reporting if a
+	// type was loaded (or requested) in eager-loading or not.
+	loadedTypes [1]bool
+}
+
+// PetsOrErr returns the Pets value or an error if the edge
+// was not loaded in eager-loading.
+func (e UserEdges) PetsOrErr() ([]*Pet, error) {
+	if e.loadedTypes[0] {
+		return e.Pets, nil
+	}
+	return nil, &NotLoadedError{edge: "pets"}
+}
+
+// scanValues returns the types for scanning values from sql.Rows.
+func (*User) scanValues(columns []string) ([]any, error) {
+	values := make([]any, len(columns))
+	for i := range columns {
+		switch columns[i] {
+		case user.FieldID, user.FieldAge:
+			values[i] = new(sql.NullInt64)
+		case user.FieldName:
+			values[i] = new(sql.NullString)
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected column %q for type User", columns[i])
+		}
+	}
+	return values, nil
+}
+
+// assignValues assigns the values that were returned from sql.Rows (after scanning)
+// to the User fields.
+func (u *User) assignValues(columns []string, values []any) error {
+	if m, n := len(values), len(columns); m < n {
+		return fmt.Errorf("mismatch number of scan values: %d != %d", m, n)
+	}
+	for i := range columns {
+		switch columns[i] {
+		case user.FieldID:
+			value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullInt64)
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field id", value)
+			}
+			u.ID = int(value.Int64)
+		case user.FieldAge:
+			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullInt64); !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field age", values[i])
+			} else if value.Valid {
+				u.Age = int(value.Int64)
+			}
+		case user.FieldName:
+			if value, ok := values[i].(*sql.NullString); !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for field name", values[i])
+			} else if value.Valid {
+				u.Name = value.String
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// QueryPets queries the "pets" edge of the User entity.
+func (u *User) QueryPets() *PetQuery {
+	return (&UserClient{config: u.config}).QueryPets(u)
+}
+
+// Update returns a builder for updating this User.
+// Note that you need to call User.Unwrap() before calling this method if this User
+// was returned from a transaction, and the transaction was committed or rolled back.
+func (u *User) Update() *UserUpdateOne {
+	return (&UserClient{config: u.config}).UpdateOne(u)
+}
+
+// Unwrap unwraps the User entity that was returned from a transaction after it was closed,
+// so that all future queries will be executed through the driver which created the transaction.
+func (u *User) Unwrap() *User {
+	_tx, ok := u.config.driver.(*txDriver)
+	if !ok {
+		panic("ent: User is not a transactional entity")
+	}
+	u.config.driver = _tx.drv
+	return u
+}
+
+// String implements the fmt.Stringer.
+func (u *User) String() string {
+	var builder strings.Builder
+	builder.WriteString("User(")
+	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("id=%v, ", u.ID))
+	builder.WriteString("age=")
+	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", u.Age))
+	builder.WriteString(", ")
+	builder.WriteString("name=")
+	builder.WriteString(u.Name)
+	builder.WriteByte(')')
+	return builder.String()
+}
+
+// MarshalJSON implements the json.Marshaler interface.
+func (u *User) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	type Alias User
+	return json.Marshal(&struct {
+		*Alias
+		UserEdges
+	}{
+		Alias:     (*Alias)(u),
+		UserEdges: u.Edges,
+	})
+}
+
+// Users is a parsable slice of User.
+type Users []*User
+
+func (u Users) config(cfg config) {
+	for _i := range u {
+		u[_i].config = cfg
+	}
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/user/user.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package user
+
+const (
+	// Label holds the string label denoting the user type in the database.
+	Label = "user"
+	// FieldID holds the string denoting the id field in the database.
+	FieldID = "id"
+	// FieldAge holds the string denoting the age field in the database.
+	FieldAge = "age"
+	// FieldName holds the string denoting the name field in the database.
+	FieldName = "name"
+	// EdgePets holds the string denoting the pets edge name in mutations.
+	EdgePets = "pets"
+	// Table holds the table name of the user in the database.
+	Table = "users"
+	// PetsTable is the table that holds the pets relation/edge.
+	PetsTable = "pets"
+	// PetsInverseTable is the table name for the Pet entity.
+	// It exists in this package in order to avoid circular dependency with the "pet" package.
+	PetsInverseTable = "pets"
+	// PetsColumn is the table column denoting the pets relation/edge.
+	PetsColumn = "owner_id"
+)
+
+// Columns holds all SQL columns for user fields.
+var Columns = []string{
+	FieldID,
+	FieldAge,
+	FieldName,
+}
+
+// ValidColumn reports if the column name is valid (part of the table columns).
+func ValidColumn(column string) bool {
+	for i := range Columns {
+		if column == Columns[i] {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/user/where.go

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package user
+
+import (
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/predicate"
+)
+
+// ID filters vertices based on their ID field.
+func ID(id int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDEQ applies the EQ predicate on the ID field.
+func IDEQ(id int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the ID field.
+func IDNEQ(id int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NEQ(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDIn applies the In predicate on the ID field.
+func IDIn(ids ...int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		v := make([]any, len(ids))
+		for i := range v {
+			v[i] = ids[i]
+		}
+		s.Where(sql.In(s.C(FieldID), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDNotIn applies the NotIn predicate on the ID field.
+func IDNotIn(ids ...int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		v := make([]any, len(ids))
+		for i := range v {
+			v[i] = ids[i]
+		}
+		s.Where(sql.NotIn(s.C(FieldID), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDGT applies the GT predicate on the ID field.
+func IDGT(id int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GT(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDGTE applies the GTE predicate on the ID field.
+func IDGTE(id int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GTE(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDLT applies the LT predicate on the ID field.
+func IDLT(id int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LT(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// IDLTE applies the LTE predicate on the ID field.
+func IDLTE(id int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LTE(s.C(FieldID), id))
+	})
+}
+
+// Age applies equality check predicate on the "age" field. It's identical to AgeEQ.
+func Age(v int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// Name applies equality check predicate on the "name" field. It's identical to NameEQ.
+func Name(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeEQ(v int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeNEQ(v int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NEQ(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeIn applies the In predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeIn(vs ...int) predicate.User {
+	v := make([]any, len(vs))
+	for i := range v {
+		v[i] = vs[i]
+	}
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.In(s.C(FieldAge), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeNotIn applies the NotIn predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeNotIn(vs ...int) predicate.User {
+	v := make([]any, len(vs))
+	for i := range v {
+		v[i] = vs[i]
+	}
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NotIn(s.C(FieldAge), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeGT applies the GT predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeGT(v int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GT(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeGTE applies the GTE predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeGTE(v int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GTE(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeLT applies the LT predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeLT(v int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LT(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// AgeLTE applies the LTE predicate on the "age" field.
+func AgeLTE(v int) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LTE(s.C(FieldAge), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameEQ applies the EQ predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameEQ(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EQ(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameNEQ applies the NEQ predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameNEQ(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NEQ(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameIn applies the In predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameIn(vs ...string) predicate.User {
+	v := make([]any, len(vs))
+	for i := range v {
+		v[i] = vs[i]
+	}
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.In(s.C(FieldName), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameNotIn applies the NotIn predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameNotIn(vs ...string) predicate.User {
+	v := make([]any, len(vs))
+	for i := range v {
+		v[i] = vs[i]
+	}
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.NotIn(s.C(FieldName), v...))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameGT applies the GT predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameGT(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GT(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameGTE applies the GTE predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameGTE(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.GTE(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameLT applies the LT predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameLT(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LT(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameLTE applies the LTE predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameLTE(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.LTE(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameContains applies the Contains predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameContains(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.Contains(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameHasPrefix applies the HasPrefix predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameHasPrefix(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.HasPrefix(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameHasSuffix applies the HasSuffix predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameHasSuffix(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.HasSuffix(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameEqualFold applies the EqualFold predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameEqualFold(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.EqualFold(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// NameContainsFold applies the ContainsFold predicate on the "name" field.
+func NameContainsFold(v string) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.ContainsFold(s.C(FieldName), v))
+	})
+}
+
+// HasPets applies the HasEdge predicate on the "pets" edge.
+func HasPets() predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		step := sqlgraph.NewStep(
+			sqlgraph.From(Table, FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.To(PetsTable, FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.Edge(sqlgraph.O2M, false, PetsTable, PetsColumn),
+		)
+		sqlgraph.HasNeighbors(s, step)
+	})
+}
+
+// HasPetsWith applies the HasEdge predicate on the "pets" edge with a given conditions (other predicates).
+func HasPetsWith(preds ...predicate.Pet) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		step := sqlgraph.NewStep(
+			sqlgraph.From(Table, FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.To(PetsInverseTable, FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.Edge(sqlgraph.O2M, false, PetsTable, PetsColumn),
+		)
+		sqlgraph.HasNeighborsWith(s, step, func(s *sql.Selector) {
+			for _, p := range preds {
+				p(s)
+			}
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+// And groups predicates with the AND operator between them.
+func And(predicates ...predicate.User) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s1 := s.Clone().SetP(nil)
+		for _, p := range predicates {
+			p(s1)
+		}
+		s.Where(s1.P())
+	})
+}
+
+// Or groups predicates with the OR operator between them.
+func Or(predicates ...predicate.User) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s1 := s.Clone().SetP(nil)
+		for i, p := range predicates {
+			if i > 0 {
+				s1.Or()
+			}
+			p(s1)
+		}
+		s.Where(s1.P())
+	})
+}
+
+// Not applies the not operator on the given predicate.
+func Not(p predicate.User) predicate.User {
+	return predicate.User(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		p(s.Not())
+	})
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/user_create.go

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/pet"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/user"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+)
+
+// UserCreate is the builder for creating a User entity.
+type UserCreate struct {
+	config
+	mutation *UserMutation
+	hooks    []Hook
+}
+
+// SetAge sets the "age" field.
+func (uc *UserCreate) SetAge(i int) *UserCreate {
+	uc.mutation.SetAge(i)
+	return uc
+}
+
+// SetName sets the "name" field.
+func (uc *UserCreate) SetName(s string) *UserCreate {
+	uc.mutation.SetName(s)
+	return uc
+}
+
+// AddPetIDs adds the "pets" edge to the Pet entity by IDs.
+func (uc *UserCreate) AddPetIDs(ids ...int) *UserCreate {
+	uc.mutation.AddPetIDs(ids...)
+	return uc
+}
+
+// AddPets adds the "pets" edges to the Pet entity.
+func (uc *UserCreate) AddPets(p ...*Pet) *UserCreate {
+	ids := make([]int, len(p))
+	for i := range p {
+		ids[i] = p[i].ID
+	}
+	return uc.AddPetIDs(ids...)
+}
+
+// Mutation returns the UserMutation object of the builder.
+func (uc *UserCreate) Mutation() *UserMutation {
+	return uc.mutation
+}
+
+// Save creates the User in the database.
+func (uc *UserCreate) Save(ctx context.Context) (*User, error) {
+	var (
+		err  error
+		node *User
+	)
+	if len(uc.hooks) == 0 {
+		if err = uc.check(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		node, err = uc.sqlSave(ctx)
+	} else {
+		var mut Mutator = MutateFunc(func(ctx context.Context, m Mutation) (Value, error) {
+			mutation, ok := m.(*UserMutation)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T", m)
+			}
+			if err = uc.check(); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			uc.mutation = mutation
+			if node, err = uc.sqlSave(ctx); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			mutation.id = &node.ID
+			mutation.done = true
+			return node, err
+		})
+		for i := len(uc.hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if uc.hooks[i] == nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("ent: uninitialized hook (forgotten import ent/runtime?)")
+			}
+			mut = uc.hooks[i](mut)
+		}
+		v, err := mut.Mutate(ctx, uc.mutation)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		nv, ok := v.(*User)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected node type %T returned from UserMutation", v)
+		}
+		node = nv
+	}
+	return node, err
+}
+
+// SaveX calls Save and panics if Save returns an error.
+func (uc *UserCreate) SaveX(ctx context.Context) *User {
+	v, err := uc.Save(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// Exec executes the query.
+func (uc *UserCreate) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
+	_, err := uc.Save(ctx)
+	return err
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uc *UserCreate) ExecX(ctx context.Context) {
+	if err := uc.Exec(ctx); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// check runs all checks and user-defined validators on the builder.
+func (uc *UserCreate) check() error {
+	if _, ok := uc.mutation.Age(); !ok {
+		return &ValidationError{Name: "age", err: errors.New(`ent: missing required field "User.age"`)}
+	}
+	if _, ok := uc.mutation.Name(); !ok {
+		return &ValidationError{Name: "name", err: errors.New(`ent: missing required field "User.name"`)}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (uc *UserCreate) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (*User, error) {
+	_node, _spec := uc.createSpec()
+	if err := sqlgraph.CreateNode(ctx, uc.driver, _spec); err != nil {
+		if sqlgraph.IsConstraintError(err) {
+			err = &ConstraintError{msg: err.Error(), wrap: err}
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	id := _spec.ID.Value.(int64)
+	_node.ID = int(id)
+	return _node, nil
+}
+
+func (uc *UserCreate) createSpec() (*User, *sqlgraph.CreateSpec) {
+	var (
+		_node = &User{config: uc.config}
+		_spec = &sqlgraph.CreateSpec{
+			Table: user.Table,
+			ID: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+				Type:   field.TypeInt,
+				Column: user.FieldID,
+			},
+		}
+	)
+	if value, ok := uc.mutation.Age(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(user.FieldAge, field.TypeInt, value)
+		_node.Age = value
+	}
+	if value, ok := uc.mutation.Name(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(user.FieldName, field.TypeString, value)
+		_node.Name = value
+	}
+	if nodes := uc.mutation.PetsIDs(); len(nodes) > 0 {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,
+			Inverse: false,
+			Table:   user.PetsTable,
+			Columns: []string{user.PetsColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: pet.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		for _, k := range nodes {
+			edge.Target.Nodes = append(edge.Target.Nodes, k)
+		}
+		_spec.Edges = append(_spec.Edges, edge)
+	}
+	return _node, _spec
+}
+
+// UserCreateBulk is the builder for creating many User entities in bulk.
+type UserCreateBulk struct {
+	config
+	builders []*UserCreate
+}
+
+// Save creates the User entities in the database.
+func (ucb *UserCreateBulk) Save(ctx context.Context) ([]*User, error) {
+	specs := make([]*sqlgraph.CreateSpec, len(ucb.builders))
+	nodes := make([]*User, len(ucb.builders))
+	mutators := make([]Mutator, len(ucb.builders))
+	for i := range ucb.builders {
+		func(i int, root context.Context) {
+			builder := ucb.builders[i]
+			var mut Mutator = MutateFunc(func(ctx context.Context, m Mutation) (Value, error) {
+				mutation, ok := m.(*UserMutation)
+				if !ok {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T", m)
+				}
+				if err := builder.check(); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				builder.mutation = mutation
+				nodes[i], specs[i] = builder.createSpec()
+				var err error
+				if i < len(mutators)-1 {
+					_, err = mutators[i+1].Mutate(root, ucb.builders[i+1].mutation)
+				} else {
+					spec := &sqlgraph.BatchCreateSpec{Nodes: specs}
+					// Invoke the actual operation on the latest mutation in the chain.
+					if err = sqlgraph.BatchCreate(ctx, ucb.driver, spec); err != nil {
+						if sqlgraph.IsConstraintError(err) {
+							err = &ConstraintError{msg: err.Error(), wrap: err}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				mutation.id = &nodes[i].ID
+				if specs[i].ID.Value != nil {
+					id := specs[i].ID.Value.(int64)
+					nodes[i].ID = int(id)
+				}
+				mutation.done = true
+				return nodes[i], nil
+			})
+			for i := len(builder.hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+				mut = builder.hooks[i](mut)
+			}
+			mutators[i] = mut
+		}(i, ctx)
+	}
+	if len(mutators) > 0 {
+		if _, err := mutators[0].Mutate(ctx, ucb.builders[0].mutation); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return nodes, nil
+}
+
+// SaveX is like Save, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (ucb *UserCreateBulk) SaveX(ctx context.Context) []*User {
+	v, err := ucb.Save(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// Exec executes the query.
+func (ucb *UserCreateBulk) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
+	_, err := ucb.Save(ctx)
+	return err
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (ucb *UserCreateBulk) ExecX(ctx context.Context) {
+	if err := ucb.Exec(ctx); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/user_delete.go

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/predicate"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/user"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+)
+
+// UserDelete is the builder for deleting a User entity.
+type UserDelete struct {
+	config
+	hooks    []Hook
+	mutation *UserMutation
+}
+
+// Where appends a list predicates to the UserDelete builder.
+func (ud *UserDelete) Where(ps ...predicate.User) *UserDelete {
+	ud.mutation.Where(ps...)
+	return ud
+}
+
+// Exec executes the deletion query and returns how many vertices were deleted.
+func (ud *UserDelete) Exec(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	var (
+		err      error
+		affected int
+	)
+	if len(ud.hooks) == 0 {
+		affected, err = ud.sqlExec(ctx)
+	} else {
+		var mut Mutator = MutateFunc(func(ctx context.Context, m Mutation) (Value, error) {
+			mutation, ok := m.(*UserMutation)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T", m)
+			}
+			ud.mutation = mutation
+			affected, err = ud.sqlExec(ctx)
+			mutation.done = true
+			return affected, err
+		})
+		for i := len(ud.hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if ud.hooks[i] == nil {
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("ent: uninitialized hook (forgotten import ent/runtime?)")
+			}
+			mut = ud.hooks[i](mut)
+		}
+		if _, err := mut.Mutate(ctx, ud.mutation); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	}
+	return affected, err
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (ud *UserDelete) ExecX(ctx context.Context) int {
+	n, err := ud.Exec(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func (ud *UserDelete) sqlExec(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	_spec := &sqlgraph.DeleteSpec{
+		Node: &sqlgraph.NodeSpec{
+			Table: user.Table,
+			ID: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+				Type:   field.TypeInt,
+				Column: user.FieldID,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	if ps := ud.mutation.predicates; len(ps) > 0 {
+		_spec.Predicate = func(selector *sql.Selector) {
+			for i := range ps {
+				ps[i](selector)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	affected, err := sqlgraph.DeleteNodes(ctx, ud.driver, _spec)
+	if err != nil && sqlgraph.IsConstraintError(err) {
+		err = &ConstraintError{msg: err.Error(), wrap: err}
+	}
+	return affected, err
+}
+
+// UserDeleteOne is the builder for deleting a single User entity.
+type UserDeleteOne struct {
+	ud *UserDelete
+}
+
+// Exec executes the deletion query.
+func (udo *UserDeleteOne) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
+	n, err := udo.ud.Exec(ctx)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		return err
+	case n == 0:
+		return &NotFoundError{user.Label}
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (udo *UserDeleteOne) ExecX(ctx context.Context) {
+	udo.ud.ExecX(ctx)
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/user_query.go

@@ -0,0 +1,621 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql/driver"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/pet"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/predicate"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/user"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+)
+
+// UserQuery is the builder for querying User entities.
+type UserQuery struct {
+	config
+	limit      *int
+	offset     *int
+	unique     *bool
+	order      []OrderFunc
+	fields     []string
+	predicates []predicate.User
+	withPets   *PetQuery
+	// intermediate query (i.e. traversal path).
+	sql  *sql.Selector
+	path func(context.Context) (*sql.Selector, error)
+}
+
+// Where adds a new predicate for the UserQuery builder.
+func (uq *UserQuery) Where(ps ...predicate.User) *UserQuery {
+	uq.predicates = append(uq.predicates, ps...)
+	return uq
+}
+
+// Limit adds a limit step to the query.
+func (uq *UserQuery) Limit(limit int) *UserQuery {
+	uq.limit = &limit
+	return uq
+}
+
+// Offset adds an offset step to the query.
+func (uq *UserQuery) Offset(offset int) *UserQuery {
+	uq.offset = &offset
+	return uq
+}
+
+// Unique configures the query builder to filter duplicate records on query.
+// By default, unique is set to true, and can be disabled using this method.
+func (uq *UserQuery) Unique(unique bool) *UserQuery {
+	uq.unique = &unique
+	return uq
+}
+
+// Order adds an order step to the query.
+func (uq *UserQuery) Order(o ...OrderFunc) *UserQuery {
+	uq.order = append(uq.order, o...)
+	return uq
+}
+
+// QueryPets chains the current query on the "pets" edge.
+func (uq *UserQuery) QueryPets() *PetQuery {
+	query := &PetQuery{config: uq.config}
+	query.path = func(ctx context.Context) (fromU *sql.Selector, err error) {
+		if err := uq.prepareQuery(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		selector := uq.sqlQuery(ctx)
+		if err := selector.Err(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		step := sqlgraph.NewStep(
+			sqlgraph.From(user.Table, user.FieldID, selector),
+			sqlgraph.To(pet.Table, pet.FieldID),
+			sqlgraph.Edge(sqlgraph.O2M, false, user.PetsTable, user.PetsColumn),
+		)
+		fromU = sqlgraph.SetNeighbors(uq.driver.Dialect(), step)
+		return fromU, nil
+	}
+	return query
+}
+
+// First returns the first User entity from the query.
+// Returns a *NotFoundError when no User was found.
+func (uq *UserQuery) First(ctx context.Context) (*User, error) {
+	nodes, err := uq.Limit(1).All(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(nodes) == 0 {
+		return nil, &NotFoundError{user.Label}
+	}
+	return nodes[0], nil
+}
+
+// FirstX is like First, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uq *UserQuery) FirstX(ctx context.Context) *User {
+	node, err := uq.First(ctx)
+	if err != nil && !IsNotFound(err) {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return node
+}
+
+// FirstID returns the first User ID from the query.
+// Returns a *NotFoundError when no User ID was found.
+func (uq *UserQuery) FirstID(ctx context.Context) (id int, err error) {
+	var ids []int
+	if ids, err = uq.Limit(1).IDs(ctx); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if len(ids) == 0 {
+		err = &NotFoundError{user.Label}
+		return
+	}
+	return ids[0], nil
+}
+
+// FirstIDX is like FirstID, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uq *UserQuery) FirstIDX(ctx context.Context) int {
+	id, err := uq.FirstID(ctx)
+	if err != nil && !IsNotFound(err) {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return id
+}
+
+// Only returns a single User entity found by the query, ensuring it only returns one.
+// Returns a *NotSingularError when more than one User entity is found.
+// Returns a *NotFoundError when no User entities are found.
+func (uq *UserQuery) Only(ctx context.Context) (*User, error) {
+	nodes, err := uq.Limit(2).All(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	switch len(nodes) {
+	case 1:
+		return nodes[0], nil
+	case 0:
+		return nil, &NotFoundError{user.Label}
+	default:
+		return nil, &NotSingularError{user.Label}
+	}
+}
+
+// OnlyX is like Only, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uq *UserQuery) OnlyX(ctx context.Context) *User {
+	node, err := uq.Only(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return node
+}
+
+// OnlyID is like Only, but returns the only User ID in the query.
+// Returns a *NotSingularError when more than one User ID is found.
+// Returns a *NotFoundError when no entities are found.
+func (uq *UserQuery) OnlyID(ctx context.Context) (id int, err error) {
+	var ids []int
+	if ids, err = uq.Limit(2).IDs(ctx); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	switch len(ids) {
+	case 1:
+		id = ids[0]
+	case 0:
+		err = &NotFoundError{user.Label}
+	default:
+		err = &NotSingularError{user.Label}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// OnlyIDX is like OnlyID, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uq *UserQuery) OnlyIDX(ctx context.Context) int {
+	id, err := uq.OnlyID(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return id
+}
+
+// All executes the query and returns a list of Users.
+func (uq *UserQuery) All(ctx context.Context) ([]*User, error) {
+	if err := uq.prepareQuery(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return uq.sqlAll(ctx)
+}
+
+// AllX is like All, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uq *UserQuery) AllX(ctx context.Context) []*User {
+	nodes, err := uq.All(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return nodes
+}
+
+// IDs executes the query and returns a list of User IDs.
+func (uq *UserQuery) IDs(ctx context.Context) ([]int, error) {
+	var ids []int
+	if err := uq.Select(user.FieldID).Scan(ctx, &ids); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ids, nil
+}
+
+// IDsX is like IDs, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uq *UserQuery) IDsX(ctx context.Context) []int {
+	ids, err := uq.IDs(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+// Count returns the count of the given query.
+func (uq *UserQuery) Count(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	if err := uq.prepareQuery(ctx); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return uq.sqlCount(ctx)
+}
+
+// CountX is like Count, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uq *UserQuery) CountX(ctx context.Context) int {
+	count, err := uq.Count(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return count
+}
+
+// Exist returns true if the query has elements in the graph.
+func (uq *UserQuery) Exist(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	switch _, err := uq.FirstID(ctx); {
+	case IsNotFound(err):
+		return false, nil
+	case err != nil:
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("ent: check existence: %w", err)
+	default:
+		return true, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// ExistX is like Exist, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uq *UserQuery) ExistX(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	exist, err := uq.Exist(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return exist
+}
+
+// Clone returns a duplicate of the UserQuery builder, including all associated steps. It can be
+// used to prepare common query builders and use them differently after the clone is made.
+func (uq *UserQuery) Clone() *UserQuery {
+	if uq == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &UserQuery{
+		config:     uq.config,
+		limit:      uq.limit,
+		offset:     uq.offset,
+		order:      append([]OrderFunc{}, uq.order...),
+		predicates: append([]predicate.User{}, uq.predicates...),
+		withPets:   uq.withPets.Clone(),
+		// clone intermediate query.
+		sql:    uq.sql.Clone(),
+		path:   uq.path,
+		unique: uq.unique,
+	}
+}
+
+// WithPets tells the query-builder to eager-load the nodes that are connected to
+// the "pets" edge. The optional arguments are used to configure the query builder of the edge.
+func (uq *UserQuery) WithPets(opts ...func(*PetQuery)) *UserQuery {
+	query := &PetQuery{config: uq.config}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(query)
+	}
+	uq.withPets = query
+	return uq
+}
+
+// GroupBy is used to group vertices by one or more fields/columns.
+// It is often used with aggregate functions, like: count, max, mean, min, sum.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	var v []struct {
+//		Age int `json:"age,omitempty"`
+//		Count int `json:"count,omitempty"`
+//	}
+//
+//	client.User.Query().
+//		GroupBy(user.FieldAge).
+//		Aggregate(ent.Count()).
+//		Scan(ctx, &v)
+func (uq *UserQuery) GroupBy(field string, fields ...string) *UserGroupBy {
+	grbuild := &UserGroupBy{config: uq.config}
+	grbuild.fields = append([]string{field}, fields...)
+	grbuild.path = func(ctx context.Context) (prev *sql.Selector, err error) {
+		if err := uq.prepareQuery(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return uq.sqlQuery(ctx), nil
+	}
+	grbuild.label = user.Label
+	grbuild.flds, grbuild.scan = &grbuild.fields, grbuild.Scan
+	return grbuild
+}
+
+// Select allows the selection one or more fields/columns for the given query,
+// instead of selecting all fields in the entity.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	var v []struct {
+//		Age int `json:"age,omitempty"`
+//	}
+//
+//	client.User.Query().
+//		Select(user.FieldAge).
+//		Scan(ctx, &v)
+func (uq *UserQuery) Select(fields ...string) *UserSelect {
+	uq.fields = append(uq.fields, fields...)
+	selbuild := &UserSelect{UserQuery: uq}
+	selbuild.label = user.Label
+	selbuild.flds, selbuild.scan = &uq.fields, selbuild.Scan
+	return selbuild
+}
+
+// Aggregate returns a UserSelect configured with the given aggregations.
+func (uq *UserQuery) Aggregate(fns ...AggregateFunc) *UserSelect {
+	return uq.Select().Aggregate(fns...)
+}
+
+func (uq *UserQuery) prepareQuery(ctx context.Context) error {
+	for _, f := range uq.fields {
+		if !user.ValidColumn(f) {
+			return &ValidationError{Name: f, err: fmt.Errorf("ent: invalid field %q for query", f)}
+		}
+	}
+	if uq.path != nil {
+		prev, err := uq.path(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		uq.sql = prev
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (uq *UserQuery) sqlAll(ctx context.Context, hooks ...queryHook) ([]*User, error) {
+	var (
+		nodes       = []*User{}
+		_spec       = uq.querySpec()
+		loadedTypes = [1]bool{
+			uq.withPets != nil,
+		}
+	)
+	_spec.ScanValues = func(columns []string) ([]any, error) {
+		return (*User).scanValues(nil, columns)
+	}
+	_spec.Assign = func(columns []string, values []any) error {
+		node := &User{config: uq.config}
+		nodes = append(nodes, node)
+		node.Edges.loadedTypes = loadedTypes
+		return node.assignValues(columns, values)
+	}
+	for i := range hooks {
+		hooks[i](ctx, _spec)
+	}
+	if err := sqlgraph.QueryNodes(ctx, uq.driver, _spec); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(nodes) == 0 {
+		return nodes, nil
+	}
+	if query := uq.withPets; query != nil {
+		if err := uq.loadPets(ctx, query, nodes,
+			func(n *User) { n.Edges.Pets = []*Pet{} },
+			func(n *User, e *Pet) { n.Edges.Pets = append(n.Edges.Pets, e) }); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return nodes, nil
+}
+
+func (uq *UserQuery) loadPets(ctx context.Context, query *PetQuery, nodes []*User, init func(*User), assign func(*User, *Pet)) error {
+	fks := make([]driver.Value, 0, len(nodes))
+	nodeids := make(map[int]*User)
+	for i := range nodes {
+		fks = append(fks, nodes[i].ID)
+		nodeids[nodes[i].ID] = nodes[i]
+		if init != nil {
+			init(nodes[i])
+		}
+	}
+	query.Where(predicate.Pet(func(s *sql.Selector) {
+		s.Where(sql.InValues(user.PetsColumn, fks...))
+	}))
+	neighbors, err := query.All(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, n := range neighbors {
+		fk := n.OwnerID
+		node, ok := nodeids[fk]
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf(`unexpected foreign-key "owner_id" returned %v for node %v`, fk, n.ID)
+		}
+		assign(node, n)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (uq *UserQuery) sqlCount(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	_spec := uq.querySpec()
+	_spec.Node.Columns = uq.fields
+	if len(uq.fields) > 0 {
+		_spec.Unique = uq.unique != nil && *uq.unique
+	}
+	return sqlgraph.CountNodes(ctx, uq.driver, _spec)
+}
+
+func (uq *UserQuery) querySpec() *sqlgraph.QuerySpec {
+	_spec := &sqlgraph.QuerySpec{
+		Node: &sqlgraph.NodeSpec{
+			Table:   user.Table,
+			Columns: user.Columns,
+			ID: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+				Type:   field.TypeInt,
+				Column: user.FieldID,
+			},
+		},
+		From:   uq.sql,
+		Unique: true,
+	}
+	if unique := uq.unique; unique != nil {
+		_spec.Unique = *unique
+	}
+	if fields := uq.fields; len(fields) > 0 {
+		_spec.Node.Columns = make([]string, 0, len(fields))
+		_spec.Node.Columns = append(_spec.Node.Columns, user.FieldID)
+		for i := range fields {
+			if fields[i] != user.FieldID {
+				_spec.Node.Columns = append(_spec.Node.Columns, fields[i])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if ps := uq.predicates; len(ps) > 0 {
+		_spec.Predicate = func(selector *sql.Selector) {
+			for i := range ps {
+				ps[i](selector)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if limit := uq.limit; limit != nil {
+		_spec.Limit = *limit
+	}
+	if offset := uq.offset; offset != nil {
+		_spec.Offset = *offset
+	}
+	if ps := uq.order; len(ps) > 0 {
+		_spec.Order = func(selector *sql.Selector) {
+			for i := range ps {
+				ps[i](selector)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return _spec
+}
+
+func (uq *UserQuery) sqlQuery(ctx context.Context) *sql.Selector {
+	builder := sql.Dialect(uq.driver.Dialect())
+	t1 := builder.Table(user.Table)
+	columns := uq.fields
+	if len(columns) == 0 {
+		columns = user.Columns
+	}
+	selector := builder.Select(t1.Columns(columns...)...).From(t1)
+	if uq.sql != nil {
+		selector = uq.sql
+		selector.Select(selector.Columns(columns...)...)
+	}
+	if uq.unique != nil && *uq.unique {
+		selector.Distinct()
+	}
+	for _, p := range uq.predicates {
+		p(selector)
+	}
+	for _, p := range uq.order {
+		p(selector)
+	}
+	if offset := uq.offset; offset != nil {
+		// limit is mandatory for offset clause. We start
+		// with default value, and override it below if needed.
+		selector.Offset(*offset).Limit(math.MaxInt32)
+	}
+	if limit := uq.limit; limit != nil {
+		selector.Limit(*limit)
+	}
+	return selector
+}
+
+// UserGroupBy is the group-by builder for User entities.
+type UserGroupBy struct {
+	config
+	selector
+	fields []string
+	fns    []AggregateFunc
+	// intermediate query (i.e. traversal path).
+	sql  *sql.Selector
+	path func(context.Context) (*sql.Selector, error)
+}
+
+// Aggregate adds the given aggregation functions to the group-by query.
+func (ugb *UserGroupBy) Aggregate(fns ...AggregateFunc) *UserGroupBy {
+	ugb.fns = append(ugb.fns, fns...)
+	return ugb
+}
+
+// Scan applies the group-by query and scans the result into the given value.
+func (ugb *UserGroupBy) Scan(ctx context.Context, v any) error {
+	query, err := ugb.path(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ugb.sql = query
+	return ugb.sqlScan(ctx, v)
+}
+
+func (ugb *UserGroupBy) sqlScan(ctx context.Context, v any) error {
+	for _, f := range ugb.fields {
+		if !user.ValidColumn(f) {
+			return &ValidationError{Name: f, err: fmt.Errorf("invalid field %q for group-by", f)}
+		}
+	}
+	selector := ugb.sqlQuery()
+	if err := selector.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	rows := &sql.Rows{}
+	query, args := selector.Query()
+	if err := ugb.driver.Query(ctx, query, args, rows); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	return sql.ScanSlice(rows, v)
+}
+
+func (ugb *UserGroupBy) sqlQuery() *sql.Selector {
+	selector := ugb.sql.Select()
+	aggregation := make([]string, 0, len(ugb.fns))
+	for _, fn := range ugb.fns {
+		aggregation = append(aggregation, fn(selector))
+	}
+	if len(selector.SelectedColumns()) == 0 {
+		columns := make([]string, 0, len(ugb.fields)+len(ugb.fns))
+		for _, f := range ugb.fields {
+			columns = append(columns, selector.C(f))
+		}
+		columns = append(columns, aggregation...)
+		selector.Select(columns...)
+	}
+	return selector.GroupBy(selector.Columns(ugb.fields...)...)
+}
+
+// UserSelect is the builder for selecting fields of User entities.
+type UserSelect struct {
+	*UserQuery
+	selector
+	// intermediate query (i.e. traversal path).
+	sql *sql.Selector
+}
+
+// Aggregate adds the given aggregation functions to the selector query.
+func (us *UserSelect) Aggregate(fns ...AggregateFunc) *UserSelect {
+	us.fns = append(us.fns, fns...)
+	return us
+}
+
+// Scan applies the selector query and scans the result into the given value.
+func (us *UserSelect) Scan(ctx context.Context, v any) error {
+	if err := us.prepareQuery(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	us.sql = us.UserQuery.sqlQuery(ctx)
+	return us.sqlScan(ctx, v)
+}
+
+func (us *UserSelect) sqlScan(ctx context.Context, v any) error {
+	aggregation := make([]string, 0, len(us.fns))
+	for _, fn := range us.fns {
+		aggregation = append(aggregation, fn(us.sql))
+	}
+	switch n := len(*us.selector.flds); {
+	case n == 0 && len(aggregation) > 0:
+		us.sql.Select(aggregation...)
+	case n != 0 && len(aggregation) > 0:
+		us.sql.AppendSelect(aggregation...)
+	}
+	rows := &sql.Rows{}
+	query, args := us.sql.Query()
+	if err := us.driver.Query(ctx, query, args, rows); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	return sql.ScanSlice(rows, v)
+}

examples/jsonencode/ent/user_update.go

@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+// Code generated by ent, DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package ent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql/sqlgraph"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/pet"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/predicate"
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent/user"
+	"entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
+)
+
+// UserUpdate is the builder for updating User entities.
+type UserUpdate struct {
+	config
+	hooks    []Hook
+	mutation *UserMutation
+}
+
+// Where appends a list predicates to the UserUpdate builder.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) Where(ps ...predicate.User) *UserUpdate {
+	uu.mutation.Where(ps...)
+	return uu
+}
+
+// SetAge sets the "age" field.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) SetAge(i int) *UserUpdate {
+	uu.mutation.ResetAge()
+	uu.mutation.SetAge(i)
+	return uu
+}
+
+// AddAge adds i to the "age" field.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) AddAge(i int) *UserUpdate {
+	uu.mutation.AddAge(i)
+	return uu
+}
+
+// SetName sets the "name" field.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) SetName(s string) *UserUpdate {
+	uu.mutation.SetName(s)
+	return uu
+}
+
+// AddPetIDs adds the "pets" edge to the Pet entity by IDs.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) AddPetIDs(ids ...int) *UserUpdate {
+	uu.mutation.AddPetIDs(ids...)
+	return uu
+}
+
+// AddPets adds the "pets" edges to the Pet entity.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) AddPets(p ...*Pet) *UserUpdate {
+	ids := make([]int, len(p))
+	for i := range p {
+		ids[i] = p[i].ID
+	}
+	return uu.AddPetIDs(ids...)
+}
+
+// Mutation returns the UserMutation object of the builder.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) Mutation() *UserMutation {
+	return uu.mutation
+}
+
+// ClearPets clears all "pets" edges to the Pet entity.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) ClearPets() *UserUpdate {
+	uu.mutation.ClearPets()
+	return uu
+}
+
+// RemovePetIDs removes the "pets" edge to Pet entities by IDs.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) RemovePetIDs(ids ...int) *UserUpdate {
+	uu.mutation.RemovePetIDs(ids...)
+	return uu
+}
+
+// RemovePets removes "pets" edges to Pet entities.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) RemovePets(p ...*Pet) *UserUpdate {
+	ids := make([]int, len(p))
+	for i := range p {
+		ids[i] = p[i].ID
+	}
+	return uu.RemovePetIDs(ids...)
+}
+
+// Save executes the query and returns the number of nodes affected by the update operation.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) Save(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	var (
+		err      error
+		affected int
+	)
+	if len(uu.hooks) == 0 {
+		affected, err = uu.sqlSave(ctx)
+	} else {
+		var mut Mutator = MutateFunc(func(ctx context.Context, m Mutation) (Value, error) {
+			mutation, ok := m.(*UserMutation)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T", m)
+			}
+			uu.mutation = mutation
+			affected, err = uu.sqlSave(ctx)
+			mutation.done = true
+			return affected, err
+		})
+		for i := len(uu.hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if uu.hooks[i] == nil {
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("ent: uninitialized hook (forgotten import ent/runtime?)")
+			}
+			mut = uu.hooks[i](mut)
+		}
+		if _, err := mut.Mutate(ctx, uu.mutation); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	}
+	return affected, err
+}
+
+// SaveX is like Save, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) SaveX(ctx context.Context) int {
+	affected, err := uu.Save(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return affected
+}
+
+// Exec executes the query.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
+	_, err := uu.Save(ctx)
+	return err
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uu *UserUpdate) ExecX(ctx context.Context) {
+	if err := uu.Exec(ctx); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (uu *UserUpdate) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (n int, err error) {
+	_spec := &sqlgraph.UpdateSpec{
+		Node: &sqlgraph.NodeSpec{
+			Table:   user.Table,
+			Columns: user.Columns,
+			ID: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+				Type:   field.TypeInt,
+				Column: user.FieldID,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	if ps := uu.mutation.predicates; len(ps) > 0 {
+		_spec.Predicate = func(selector *sql.Selector) {
+			for i := range ps {
+				ps[i](selector)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if value, ok := uu.mutation.Age(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(user.FieldAge, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := uu.mutation.AddedAge(); ok {
+		_spec.AddField(user.FieldAge, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := uu.mutation.Name(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(user.FieldName, field.TypeString, value)
+	}
+	if uu.mutation.PetsCleared() {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,
+			Inverse: false,
+			Table:   user.PetsTable,
+			Columns: []string{user.PetsColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: pet.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		_spec.Edges.Clear = append(_spec.Edges.Clear, edge)
+	}
+	if nodes := uu.mutation.RemovedPetsIDs(); len(nodes) > 0 && !uu.mutation.PetsCleared() {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,
+			Inverse: false,
+			Table:   user.PetsTable,
+			Columns: []string{user.PetsColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: pet.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		for _, k := range nodes {
+			edge.Target.Nodes = append(edge.Target.Nodes, k)
+		}
+		_spec.Edges.Clear = append(_spec.Edges.Clear, edge)
+	}
+	if nodes := uu.mutation.PetsIDs(); len(nodes) > 0 {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,
+			Inverse: false,
+			Table:   user.PetsTable,
+			Columns: []string{user.PetsColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: pet.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		for _, k := range nodes {
+			edge.Target.Nodes = append(edge.Target.Nodes, k)
+		}
+		_spec.Edges.Add = append(_spec.Edges.Add, edge)
+	}
+	if n, err = sqlgraph.UpdateNodes(ctx, uu.driver, _spec); err != nil {
+		if _, ok := err.(*sqlgraph.NotFoundError); ok {
+			err = &NotFoundError{user.Label}
+		} else if sqlgraph.IsConstraintError(err) {
+			err = &ConstraintError{msg: err.Error(), wrap: err}
+		}
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// UserUpdateOne is the builder for updating a single User entity.
+type UserUpdateOne struct {
+	config
+	fields   []string
+	hooks    []Hook
+	mutation *UserMutation
+}
+
+// SetAge sets the "age" field.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) SetAge(i int) *UserUpdateOne {
+	uuo.mutation.ResetAge()
+	uuo.mutation.SetAge(i)
+	return uuo
+}
+
+// AddAge adds i to the "age" field.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) AddAge(i int) *UserUpdateOne {
+	uuo.mutation.AddAge(i)
+	return uuo
+}
+
+// SetName sets the "name" field.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) SetName(s string) *UserUpdateOne {
+	uuo.mutation.SetName(s)
+	return uuo
+}
+
+// AddPetIDs adds the "pets" edge to the Pet entity by IDs.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) AddPetIDs(ids ...int) *UserUpdateOne {
+	uuo.mutation.AddPetIDs(ids...)
+	return uuo
+}
+
+// AddPets adds the "pets" edges to the Pet entity.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) AddPets(p ...*Pet) *UserUpdateOne {
+	ids := make([]int, len(p))
+	for i := range p {
+		ids[i] = p[i].ID
+	}
+	return uuo.AddPetIDs(ids...)
+}
+
+// Mutation returns the UserMutation object of the builder.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) Mutation() *UserMutation {
+	return uuo.mutation
+}
+
+// ClearPets clears all "pets" edges to the Pet entity.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) ClearPets() *UserUpdateOne {
+	uuo.mutation.ClearPets()
+	return uuo
+}
+
+// RemovePetIDs removes the "pets" edge to Pet entities by IDs.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) RemovePetIDs(ids ...int) *UserUpdateOne {
+	uuo.mutation.RemovePetIDs(ids...)
+	return uuo
+}
+
+// RemovePets removes "pets" edges to Pet entities.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) RemovePets(p ...*Pet) *UserUpdateOne {
+	ids := make([]int, len(p))
+	for i := range p {
+		ids[i] = p[i].ID
+	}
+	return uuo.RemovePetIDs(ids...)
+}
+
+// Select allows selecting one or more fields (columns) of the returned entity.
+// The default is selecting all fields defined in the entity schema.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) Select(field string, fields ...string) *UserUpdateOne {
+	uuo.fields = append([]string{field}, fields...)
+	return uuo
+}
+
+// Save executes the query and returns the updated User entity.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) Save(ctx context.Context) (*User, error) {
+	var (
+		err  error
+		node *User
+	)
+	if len(uuo.hooks) == 0 {
+		node, err = uuo.sqlSave(ctx)
+	} else {
+		var mut Mutator = MutateFunc(func(ctx context.Context, m Mutation) (Value, error) {
+			mutation, ok := m.(*UserMutation)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected mutation type %T", m)
+			}
+			uuo.mutation = mutation
+			node, err = uuo.sqlSave(ctx)
+			mutation.done = true
+			return node, err
+		})
+		for i := len(uuo.hooks) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if uuo.hooks[i] == nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("ent: uninitialized hook (forgotten import ent/runtime?)")
+			}
+			mut = uuo.hooks[i](mut)
+		}
+		v, err := mut.Mutate(ctx, uuo.mutation)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		nv, ok := v.(*User)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected node type %T returned from UserMutation", v)
+		}
+		node = nv
+	}
+	return node, err
+}
+
+// SaveX is like Save, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) SaveX(ctx context.Context) *User {
+	node, err := uuo.Save(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return node
+}
+
+// Exec executes the query on the entity.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) Exec(ctx context.Context) error {
+	_, err := uuo.Save(ctx)
+	return err
+}
+
+// ExecX is like Exec, but panics if an error occurs.
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) ExecX(ctx context.Context) {
+	if err := uuo.Exec(ctx); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (uuo *UserUpdateOne) sqlSave(ctx context.Context) (_node *User, err error) {
+	_spec := &sqlgraph.UpdateSpec{
+		Node: &sqlgraph.NodeSpec{
+			Table:   user.Table,
+			Columns: user.Columns,
+			ID: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+				Type:   field.TypeInt,
+				Column: user.FieldID,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	id, ok := uuo.mutation.ID()
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, &ValidationError{Name: "id", err: errors.New(`ent: missing "User.id" for update`)}
+	}
+	_spec.Node.ID.Value = id
+	if fields := uuo.fields; len(fields) > 0 {
+		_spec.Node.Columns = make([]string, 0, len(fields))
+		_spec.Node.Columns = append(_spec.Node.Columns, user.FieldID)
+		for _, f := range fields {
+			if !user.ValidColumn(f) {
+				return nil, &ValidationError{Name: f, err: fmt.Errorf("ent: invalid field %q for query", f)}
+			}
+			if f != user.FieldID {
+				_spec.Node.Columns = append(_spec.Node.Columns, f)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if ps := uuo.mutation.predicates; len(ps) > 0 {
+		_spec.Predicate = func(selector *sql.Selector) {
+			for i := range ps {
+				ps[i](selector)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if value, ok := uuo.mutation.Age(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(user.FieldAge, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := uuo.mutation.AddedAge(); ok {
+		_spec.AddField(user.FieldAge, field.TypeInt, value)
+	}
+	if value, ok := uuo.mutation.Name(); ok {
+		_spec.SetField(user.FieldName, field.TypeString, value)
+	}
+	if uuo.mutation.PetsCleared() {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,
+			Inverse: false,
+			Table:   user.PetsTable,
+			Columns: []string{user.PetsColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: pet.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		_spec.Edges.Clear = append(_spec.Edges.Clear, edge)
+	}
+	if nodes := uuo.mutation.RemovedPetsIDs(); len(nodes) > 0 && !uuo.mutation.PetsCleared() {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,
+			Inverse: false,
+			Table:   user.PetsTable,
+			Columns: []string{user.PetsColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: pet.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		for _, k := range nodes {
+			edge.Target.Nodes = append(edge.Target.Nodes, k)
+		}
+		_spec.Edges.Clear = append(_spec.Edges.Clear, edge)
+	}
+	if nodes := uuo.mutation.PetsIDs(); len(nodes) > 0 {
+		edge := &sqlgraph.EdgeSpec{
+			Rel:     sqlgraph.O2M,
+			Inverse: false,
+			Table:   user.PetsTable,
+			Columns: []string{user.PetsColumn},
+			Bidi:    false,
+			Target: &sqlgraph.EdgeTarget{
+				IDSpec: &sqlgraph.FieldSpec{
+					Type:   field.TypeInt,
+					Column: pet.FieldID,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		for _, k := range nodes {
+			edge.Target.Nodes = append(edge.Target.Nodes, k)
+		}
+		_spec.Edges.Add = append(_spec.Edges.Add, edge)
+	}
+	_node = &User{config: uuo.config}
+	_spec.Assign = _node.assignValues
+	_spec.ScanValues = _node.scanValues
+	if err = sqlgraph.UpdateNode(ctx, uuo.driver, _spec); err != nil {
+		if _, ok := err.(*sqlgraph.NotFoundError); ok {
+			err = &NotFoundError{user.Label}
+		} else if sqlgraph.IsConstraintError(err) {
+			err = &ConstraintError{msg: err.Error(), wrap: err}
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return _node, nil
+}

examples/jsonencode/example_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2019-present Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
+// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/examples/jsonencode/ent"
+	_ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
+)
+
+func Example_JSONEncode() {
+	client, err := ent.Open("sqlite3", "file:ent?mode=memory&cache=shared&_fk=1")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("failed opening connection to sqlite: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	// Run the auto migration tool.
+	if err := client.Schema.Create(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("failed creating schema resources: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	a8m := client.User.Create().SetName("a8m").SetAge(10).SaveX(ctx)
+	buf, err := json.Marshal(a8m)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("failed marshaling user: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(string(buf))
+
+	xabi := client.Pet.Create().SetName("xabi").SetAge(1).SetOwner(a8m).SaveX(ctx)
+	buf, err = json.Marshal(xabi)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("failed marshaling pet: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(string(buf))
+
+	users := client.User.Query().WithPets().AllX(ctx)
+	buf, err = json.Marshal(users)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("failed marshaling users: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(string(buf))
+
+	pets := client.Pet.Query().WithOwner().AllX(ctx)
+	buf, err = json.Marshal(pets)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("failed marshaling pets: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(string(buf))
+
+	// Output:
+	// {"id":1,"age":10,"name":"a8m"}
+	// {"id":1,"age":1,"name":"xabi","owner_id":1}
+	// [{"id":1,"age":10,"name":"a8m","pets":[{"id":1,"age":1,"name":"xabi","owner_id":1}]}]
+	// [{"id":1,"age":1,"name":"xabi","owner_id":1,"owner":{"id":1,"age":10,"name":"a8m"}}]
+}