diff --git a/dialect/sql/schema/atlas.go b/dialect/sql/schema/atlas.go
index 0f9f90998..9c5ef7333 100644
--- a/dialect/sql/schema/atlas.go
+++ b/dialect/sql/schema/atlas.go
@@ -664,6 +664,18 @@ func (a *Atlas) create(ctx context.Context, tables ...*Table) (err error) {
 	if err := a.sqlDialect.init(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	a.atDriver, err = a.sqlDialect.atOpen(a.sqlDialect)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() { a.atDriver = nil }()
+	plan, err := a.planInspect(ctx, a.sqlDialect, "changes", tables)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sql/schema: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(plan.Changes) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	// Open a transaction for backwards compatibility,
 	// even if the migration is not transactional.
 	tx, err := a.sqlDialect.Tx(ctx)
@@ -674,34 +686,23 @@ func (a *Atlas) create(ctx context.Context, tables ...*Table) (err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer func() { a.atDriver = nil }()
-	if err := func() error {
-		plan, err := a.planInspect(ctx, tx, "changes", tables)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		// Apply plan (changes).
-		var applier Applier = ApplyFunc(func(ctx context.Context, tx dialect.ExecQuerier, plan *migrate.Plan) error {
-			for _, c := range plan.Changes {
-				if err := tx.Exec(ctx, c.Cmd, c.Args, nil); err != nil {
-					if c.Comment != "" {
-						err = fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", c.Comment, err)
-					}
-					return err
+	// Apply plan (changes).
+	var applier Applier = ApplyFunc(func(ctx context.Context, tx dialect.ExecQuerier, plan *migrate.Plan) error {
+		for _, c := range plan.Changes {
+			if err := tx.Exec(ctx, c.Cmd, c.Args, nil); err != nil {
+				if c.Comment != "" {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", c.Comment, err)
 				}
+				return err
 			}
-			return nil
-		})
-		for i := len(a.applyHook) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-			applier = a.applyHook[i](applier)
 		}
-		return applier.Apply(ctx, tx, plan)
-	}(); err != nil {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("sql/schema: %w", err)
-		if rerr := tx.Rollback(); rerr != nil {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", err, rerr)
-		}
-		return err
+		return nil
+	})
+	for i := len(a.applyHook) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		applier = a.applyHook[i](applier)
+	}
+	if err = applier.Apply(ctx, tx, plan); err != nil {
+		return errors.Join(fmt.Errorf("sql/schema: %w", err), tx.Rollback())
 	}
 	return tx.Commit()
 }
diff --git a/entc/integration/migrate/migrate_test.go b/entc/integration/migrate/migrate_test.go
index f114e3b78..c4c0b3b59 100644
--- a/entc/integration/migrate/migrate_test.go
+++ b/entc/integration/migrate/migrate_test.go
@@ -241,6 +241,23 @@ func TestSQLite(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer vdrv.Close()
 	Versioned(t, vdrv, "sqlite3://file?mode=memory&cache=shared&_fk=1", versioned.NewClient(versioned.Driver(vdrv)))
+
+	// In case there are no changes, no transaction should be opened and foreign keys should not be touched.
+	fkdrv, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", "file:fk_ent?mode=memory&cache=shared&_fk=1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer fkdrv.Close()
+	fkclient := entv1.NewClient(entv1.Driver(fkdrv), entv1.Log(func(a ...any) {
+		s := a[0].(string)
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(s, "driver.Tx"):
+			t.Errorf("unexpected transaction, %q", s)
+		case strings.HasPrefix(s, "driver.Exec") && strings.Contains(s, "PRAGMA foreign_keys"):
+			t.Errorf("unexpected foreign keys pragma: %q", s)
+		}
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, fkclient.Schema.Create(ctx))
+	// Apply again has no changes -> there should not be any pragma changes and no transaction to be opened.
+	require.NoError(t, fkclient.Debug().Schema.Create(ctx))
 }
 
 // https://github.com/ent/ent/issues/2954