diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/mod.rs b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/mod.rs
index 981643904e..277fda5bfa 100644
--- a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/mod.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/mod.rs
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ pub mod realtime_websocket;
 pub mod responses;
 pub mod responses_websocket;
 mod session;
+mod websocket_pump;
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/methods.rs b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/methods.rs
index e9a297de07..21faa849e7 100644
--- a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/methods.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/methods.rs
@@ -7,21 +7,17 @@ use crate::endpoint::realtime_websocket::protocol::RealtimeSessionConfig;
 use crate::endpoint::realtime_websocket::protocol::SessionCreateSession;
 use crate::endpoint::realtime_websocket::protocol::SessionUpdateSession;
 use crate::endpoint::realtime_websocket::protocol::parse_realtime_event;
+use crate::endpoint::websocket_pump::WebsocketMessage;
+use crate::endpoint::websocket_pump::WebsocketPump;
 use crate::error::ApiError;
 use crate::provider::Provider;
 use codex_utils_rustls_provider::ensure_rustls_crypto_provider;
-use futures::SinkExt;
-use futures::StreamExt;
 use http::HeaderMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
-use tokio::net::TcpStream;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
-use tokio::sync::oneshot;
-use tokio_tungstenite::MaybeTlsStream;
-use tokio_tungstenite::WebSocketStream;
 use tokio_tungstenite::tungstenite::Error as WsError;
 use tokio_tungstenite::tungstenite::Message;
 use tokio_tungstenite::tungstenite::client::IntoClientRequest;
@@ -30,123 +26,6 @@ use tracing::trace;
 use tungstenite::protocol::WebSocketConfig;
 use url::Url;
 
-struct WsStream {
-    tx_command: mpsc::Sender<WsCommand>,
-    pump_task: tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>,
-}
-
-enum WsCommand {
-    Send {
-        message: Message,
-        tx_result: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), WsError>>,
-    },
-    Close {
-        tx_result: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), WsError>>,
-    },
-}
-
-impl WsStream {
-    fn new(
-        inner: WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>,
-    ) -> (Self, mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Result<Message, WsError>>) {
-        let (tx_command, mut rx_command) = mpsc::channel::<WsCommand>(32);
-        let (tx_message, rx_message) = mpsc::unbounded_channel::<Result<Message, WsError>>();
-
-        let pump_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
-            let mut inner = inner;
-            loop {
-                tokio::select! {
-                    command = rx_command.recv() => {
-                        let Some(command) = command else {
-                            break;
-                        };
-                        match command {
-                            WsCommand::Send { message, tx_result } => {
-                                let result = inner.send(message).await;
-                                let should_break = result.is_err();
-                                let _ = tx_result.send(result);
-                                if should_break {
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                            WsCommand::Close { tx_result } => {
-                                let result = inner.close(None).await;
-                                let _ = tx_result.send(result);
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    message = inner.next() => {
-                        let Some(message) = message else {
-                            break;
-                        };
-                        match message {
-                            Ok(Message::Ping(payload)) => {
-                                if let Err(err) = inner.send(Message::Pong(payload)).await {
-                                    let _ = tx_message.send(Err(err));
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                            Ok(Message::Pong(_)) => {}
-                            Ok(message @ (Message::Text(_)
-                                | Message::Binary(_)
-                                | Message::Close(_)
-                                | Message::Frame(_))) => {
-                                let is_close = matches!(message, Message::Close(_));
-                                if tx_message.send(Ok(message)).is_err() {
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                                if is_close {
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                            Err(err) => {
-                                let _ = tx_message.send(Err(err));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        });
-
-        (
-            Self {
-                tx_command,
-                pump_task,
-            },
-            rx_message,
-        )
-    }
-
-    async fn request(
-        &self,
-        make_command: impl FnOnce(oneshot::Sender<Result<(), WsError>>) -> WsCommand,
-    ) -> Result<(), WsError> {
-        let (tx_result, rx_result) = oneshot::channel();
-        if self.tx_command.send(make_command(tx_result)).await.is_err() {
-            return Err(WsError::ConnectionClosed);
-        }
-        rx_result.await.unwrap_or(Err(WsError::ConnectionClosed))
-    }
-
-    async fn send(&self, message: Message) -> Result<(), WsError> {
-        self.request(|tx_result| WsCommand::Send { message, tx_result })
-            .await
-    }
-
-    async fn close(&self) -> Result<(), WsError> {
-        self.request(|tx_result| WsCommand::Close { tx_result })
-            .await
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for WsStream {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.pump_task.abort();
-    }
-}
-
 pub struct RealtimeWebsocketConnection {
     writer: RealtimeWebsocketWriter,
     events: RealtimeWebsocketEvents,
@@ -154,13 +33,13 @@ pub struct RealtimeWebsocketConnection {
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct RealtimeWebsocketWriter {
-    stream: Arc<WsStream>,
+    stream: Arc<WebsocketPump>,
     is_closed: Arc<AtomicBool>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct RealtimeWebsocketEvents {
-    rx_message: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Result<Message, WsError>>>>,
+    rx_message: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<WebsocketMessage>>>,
     is_closed: Arc<AtomicBool>,
 }
 
@@ -209,10 +88,7 @@ impl RealtimeWebsocketConnection {
         self.events.clone()
     }
 
-    fn new(
-        stream: WsStream,
-        rx_message: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Result<Message, WsError>>,
-    ) -> Self {
+    fn new(stream: WebsocketPump, rx_message: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<WebsocketMessage>) -> Self {
         let stream = Arc::new(stream);
         let is_closed = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
         Self {
@@ -389,7 +265,7 @@ impl RealtimeWebsocketClient {
                     ApiError::Stream(format!("failed to connect realtime websocket: {err}"))
                 })?;
 
-        let (stream, rx_message) = WsStream::new(stream);
+        let (stream, rx_message) = WebsocketPump::new(stream);
         let connection = RealtimeWebsocketConnection::new(stream, rx_message);
         connection
             .send_session_create(config.prompt, config.session_id)
@@ -445,6 +321,8 @@ fn websocket_url_from_api_url(api_url: &str) -> Result<Url, ApiError> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use futures::SinkExt;
+    use futures::StreamExt;
     use http::HeaderValue;
     use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
     use serde_json::Value;
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/mod.rs b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/mod.rs
index 7b10c6abdb..469fea8dcf 100644
--- a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/mod.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/mod.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,5 @@ pub use methods::RealtimeWebsocketConnection;
 pub use methods::RealtimeWebsocketEvents;
 pub use methods::RealtimeWebsocketWriter;
 pub use protocol::RealtimeAudioFrame;
-pub use protocol::RealtimeConnectionState;
 pub use protocol::RealtimeEvent;
 pub use protocol::RealtimeSessionConfig;
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/protocol.rs b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/protocol.rs
index f14df8bbb3..8b2b9b4d2a 100644
--- a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/protocol.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/realtime_websocket/protocol.rs
@@ -19,15 +19,8 @@ pub struct RealtimeAudioFrame {
     pub samples_per_channel: Option<u32>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum RealtimeConnectionState {
-    Connected,
-    Disconnected,
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum RealtimeEvent {
-    State(RealtimeConnectionState),
     SessionCreated { session_id: String },
     SessionUpdated { backend_prompt: Option<String> },
     AudioOut(RealtimeAudioFrame),
@@ -86,84 +79,68 @@ pub(super) struct ConversationItemContent {
     pub(super) text: String,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(tag = "type")]
-enum RealtimeInboundMessage {
-    #[serde(rename = "session.created")]
-    SessionCreated {
-        session_id: Option<String>,
-        session: Option<RealtimeInboundSession>,
-    },
-    #[serde(rename = "session.updated")]
-    SessionUpdated {
-        session: Option<RealtimeInboundSession>,
-    },
-    #[serde(rename = "response.output_audio.delta")]
-    OutputAudioDelta {
-        delta: Option<String>,
-        data: Option<String>,
-        sample_rate: Option<u32>,
-        num_channels: Option<u16>,
-        samples_per_channel: Option<u32>,
-    },
-    #[serde(rename = "conversation.item.added")]
-    ConversationItemAdded { item: Option<Value> },
-    #[serde(rename = "error")]
-    Error {
-        error: Option<Value>,
-        message: Option<String>,
-    },
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
-struct RealtimeInboundSession {
-    id: Option<String>,
-    backend_prompt: Option<String>,
-}
-
 pub(super) fn parse_realtime_event(payload: &str) -> Option<RealtimeEvent> {
-    let parsed: RealtimeInboundMessage = match serde_json::from_str(payload) {
-        Ok(msg) => msg,
+    let parsed: Value = match serde_json::from_str(payload) {
+        Ok(value) => value,
         Err(err) => {
             debug!("failed to parse realtime event: {err}, data: {payload}");
             return None;
         }
     };
 
-    match parsed {
-        RealtimeInboundMessage::SessionCreated {
-            session_id,
-            session,
-        } => {
-            let session_id = session.and_then(|s| s.id).or(session_id);
-            session_id.map(|id| RealtimeEvent::SessionCreated { session_id: id })
+    let event_type = parsed.get("type")?.as_str()?;
+    match event_type {
+        "session.created" => {
+            let session_id = parsed
+                .pointer("/session/id")
+                .and_then(Value::as_str)
+                .or_else(|| parsed.get("session_id").and_then(Value::as_str))?;
+            Some(RealtimeEvent::SessionCreated {
+                session_id: session_id.to_string(),
+            })
         }
-        RealtimeInboundMessage::SessionUpdated { session } => Some(RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
-            backend_prompt: session.and_then(|s| s.backend_prompt),
+        "session.updated" => Some(RealtimeEvent::SessionUpdated {
+            backend_prompt: parsed
+                .pointer("/session/backend_prompt")
+                .and_then(Value::as_str)
+                .map(ToString::to_string),
         }),
-        RealtimeInboundMessage::OutputAudioDelta {
-            delta,
-            data,
-            sample_rate,
-            num_channels,
-            samples_per_channel,
-        } => {
-            let data = delta.or(data)?;
-            let sample_rate = sample_rate?;
-            let num_channels = num_channels?;
+        "response.output_audio.delta" => {
+            let data = parsed
+                .get("delta")
+                .and_then(Value::as_str)
+                .or_else(|| parsed.get("data").and_then(Value::as_str))?;
+            let sample_rate = parsed
+                .get("sample_rate")
+                .and_then(Value::as_u64)
+                .and_then(|value| u32::try_from(value).ok())?;
+            let num_channels = parsed
+                .get("num_channels")
+                .and_then(Value::as_u64)
+                .and_then(|value| u16::try_from(value).ok())?;
+            let samples_per_channel = parsed
+                .get("samples_per_channel")
+                .and_then(Value::as_u64)
+                .and_then(|value| u32::try_from(value).ok());
             Some(RealtimeEvent::AudioOut(RealtimeAudioFrame {
-                data,
+                data: data.to_string(),
                 sample_rate,
                 num_channels,
                 samples_per_channel,
             }))
         }
-        RealtimeInboundMessage::ConversationItemAdded { item } => {
-            item.map(RealtimeEvent::ConversationItemAdded)
-        }
-        RealtimeInboundMessage::Error { error, message } => {
-            let message = message.or_else(|| error.map(|e| e.to_string()))?;
+        "conversation.item.added" => parsed
+            .get("item")
+            .cloned()
+            .map(RealtimeEvent::ConversationItemAdded),
+        "error" => {
+            let message = parsed
+                .get("message")
+                .and_then(Value::as_str)
+                .map(ToString::to_string)
+                .or_else(|| parsed.get("error").map(ToString::to_string))?;
             Some(RealtimeEvent::Error(message))
         }
+        _ => None,
     }
 }
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/responses_websocket.rs b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/responses_websocket.rs
index aa559e9836..419e2ef621 100644
--- a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/responses_websocket.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/responses_websocket.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ use crate::auth::add_auth_headers_to_header_map;
 use crate::common::ResponseEvent;
 use crate::common::ResponseStream;
 use crate::common::ResponsesWsRequest;
+use crate::endpoint::websocket_pump::WebsocketMessage;
+use crate::endpoint::websocket_pump::WebsocketPump;
 use crate::error::ApiError;
 use crate::provider::Provider;
 use crate::rate_limits::parse_rate_limit_event;
@@ -11,8 +13,6 @@ use crate::sse::responses::process_responses_event;
 use crate::telemetry::WebsocketTelemetry;
 use codex_client::TransportError;
 use codex_utils_rustls_provider::ensure_rustls_crypto_provider;
-use futures::SinkExt;
-use futures::StreamExt;
 use http::HeaderMap;
 use http::HeaderName;
 use http::HeaderValue;
@@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ use serde_json::map::Map as JsonMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::OnceLock;
 use std::time::Duration;
-use tokio::net::TcpStream;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
-use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 use tokio::time::Instant;
 use tokio_tungstenite::MaybeTlsStream;
 use tokio_tungstenite::WebSocketStream;
@@ -43,110 +41,22 @@ use tungstenite::protocol::WebSocketConfig;
 use url::Url;
 
 struct WsStream {
-    tx_command: mpsc::Sender<WsCommand>,
-    rx_message: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Result<Message, WsError>>,
-    pump_task: tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>,
-}
-
-enum WsCommand {
-    Send {
-        message: Message,
-        tx_result: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), WsError>>,
-    },
-    Close {
-        tx_result: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), WsError>>,
-    },
+    pump: WebsocketPump,
+    rx_message: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<WebsocketMessage>,
 }
 
 impl WsStream {
-    fn new(inner: WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>) -> Self {
-        let (tx_command, mut rx_command) = mpsc::channel::<WsCommand>(32);
-        let (tx_message, rx_message) = mpsc::unbounded_channel::<Result<Message, WsError>>();
-
-        let pump_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
-            let mut inner = inner;
-            loop {
-                tokio::select! {
-                    command = rx_command.recv() => {
-                        let Some(command) = command else {
-                            break;
-                        };
-                        match command {
-                            WsCommand::Send { message, tx_result } => {
-                                let result = inner.send(message).await;
-                                let should_break = result.is_err();
-                                let _ = tx_result.send(result);
-                                if should_break {
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                            WsCommand::Close { tx_result } => {
-                                let result = inner.close(None).await;
-                                let _ = tx_result.send(result);
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    message = inner.next() => {
-                        let Some(message) = message else {
-                            break;
-                        };
-                        match message {
-                            Ok(Message::Ping(payload)) => {
-                                if let Err(err) = inner.send(Message::Pong(payload)).await {
-                                    let _ = tx_message.send(Err(err));
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                            Ok(Message::Pong(_)) => {}
-                            Ok(message @ (Message::Text(_)
-                            | Message::Binary(_)
-                            | Message::Close(_)
-                            | Message::Frame(_))) => {
-                                let is_close = matches!(message, Message::Close(_));
-                                if tx_message.send(Ok(message)).is_err() {
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                                if is_close {
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                            Err(err) => {
-                                let _ = tx_message.send(Err(err));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        });
-
-        Self {
-            tx_command,
-            rx_message,
-            pump_task,
-        }
-    }
-
-    async fn request(
-        &self,
-        make_command: impl FnOnce(oneshot::Sender<Result<(), WsError>>) -> WsCommand,
-    ) -> Result<(), WsError> {
-        let (tx_result, rx_result) = oneshot::channel();
-        if self.tx_command.send(make_command(tx_result)).await.is_err() {
-            return Err(WsError::ConnectionClosed);
-        }
-        rx_result.await.unwrap_or(Err(WsError::ConnectionClosed))
+    fn new(inner: WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<tokio::net::TcpStream>>) -> Self {
+        let (pump, rx_message) = WebsocketPump::new(inner);
+        Self { pump, rx_message }
     }
 
     async fn send(&self, message: Message) -> Result<(), WsError> {
-        self.request(|tx_result| WsCommand::Send { message, tx_result })
-            .await
+        self.pump.send(message).await
     }
 
     async fn close(&self) -> Result<(), WsError> {
-        self.request(|tx_result| WsCommand::Close { tx_result })
-            .await
+        self.pump.close().await
     }
 
     async fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Result<Message, WsError>> {
@@ -154,12 +64,6 @@ impl WsStream {
     }
 }
 
-impl Drop for WsStream {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        self.pump_task.abort();
-    }
-}
-
 const X_CODEX_TURN_STATE_HEADER: &str = "x-codex-turn-state";
 const X_MODELS_ETAG_HEADER: &str = "x-models-etag";
 const X_REASONING_INCLUDED_HEADER: &str = "x-reasoning-included";
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/websocket_pump.rs b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/websocket_pump.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7523bbeb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/endpoint/websocket_pump.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+use futures::SinkExt;
+use futures::StreamExt;
+use tokio::net::TcpStream;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use tokio::sync::oneshot;
+use tokio_tungstenite::MaybeTlsStream;
+use tokio_tungstenite::WebSocketStream;
+use tokio_tungstenite::tungstenite::Error as WsError;
+use tokio_tungstenite::tungstenite::Message;
+
+pub(crate) type WebsocketMessage = Result<Message, WsError>;
+
+pub(crate) struct WebsocketPump {
+    tx_command: mpsc::Sender<WsCommand>,
+    pump_task: tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>,
+}
+
+enum WsCommand {
+    Send {
+        message: Message,
+        tx_result: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), WsError>>,
+    },
+    Close {
+        tx_result: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), WsError>>,
+    },
+}
+
+impl WebsocketPump {
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        inner: WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>,
+    ) -> (Self, mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<WebsocketMessage>) {
+        let (tx_command, mut rx_command) = mpsc::channel::<WsCommand>(32);
+        let (tx_message, rx_message) = mpsc::unbounded_channel::<WebsocketMessage>();
+
+        let pump_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut inner = inner;
+            loop {
+                tokio::select! {
+                    command = rx_command.recv() => {
+                        let Some(command) = command else {
+                            break;
+                        };
+                        match command {
+                            WsCommand::Send { message, tx_result } => {
+                                let result = inner.send(message).await;
+                                let should_break = result.is_err();
+                                let _ = tx_result.send(result);
+                                if should_break {
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            WsCommand::Close { tx_result } => {
+                                let result = inner.close(None).await;
+                                let _ = tx_result.send(result);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    message = inner.next() => {
+                        let Some(message) = message else {
+                            break;
+                        };
+                        match message {
+                            Ok(Message::Ping(payload)) => {
+                                if let Err(err) = inner.send(Message::Pong(payload)).await {
+                                    let _ = tx_message.send(Err(err));
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            Ok(Message::Pong(_)) => {}
+                            Ok(message @ (Message::Text(_)
+                                | Message::Binary(_)
+                                | Message::Close(_)
+                                | Message::Frame(_))) => {
+                                let is_close = matches!(message, Message::Close(_));
+                                if tx_message.send(Ok(message)).is_err() {
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                if is_close {
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            Err(err) => {
+                                let _ = tx_message.send(Err(err));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        (
+            Self {
+                tx_command,
+                pump_task,
+            },
+            rx_message,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn send(&self, message: Message) -> Result<(), WsError> {
+        self.request(|tx_result| WsCommand::Send { message, tx_result })
+            .await
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn close(&self) -> Result<(), WsError> {
+        self.request(|tx_result| WsCommand::Close { tx_result })
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn request(
+        &self,
+        make_command: impl FnOnce(oneshot::Sender<Result<(), WsError>>) -> WsCommand,
+    ) -> Result<(), WsError> {
+        let (tx_result, rx_result) = oneshot::channel();
+        if self.tx_command.send(make_command(tx_result)).await.is_err() {
+            return Err(WsError::ConnectionClosed);
+        }
+        rx_result.await.unwrap_or(Err(WsError::ConnectionClosed))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for WebsocketPump {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.pump_task.abort();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/lib.rs b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/lib.rs
index 99d2c406ab..ff8953c034 100644
--- a/codex-rs/codex-api/src/lib.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-api/src/lib.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ pub use crate::endpoint::compact::CompactClient;
 pub use crate::endpoint::memories::MemoriesClient;
 pub use crate::endpoint::models::ModelsClient;
 pub use crate::endpoint::realtime_websocket::RealtimeAudioFrame;
-pub use crate::endpoint::realtime_websocket::RealtimeConnectionState;
 pub use crate::endpoint::realtime_websocket::RealtimeEvent;
 pub use crate::endpoint::realtime_websocket::RealtimeSessionConfig;
 pub use crate::endpoint::realtime_websocket::RealtimeWebsocketClient;
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-api/tests/common/mod.rs b/codex-rs/codex-api/tests/common/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..773a258e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-api/tests/common/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub mod ws_harness;
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-api/tests/common/ws_harness.rs b/codex-rs/codex-api/tests/common/ws_harness.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed124ced12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-api/tests/common/ws_harness.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use codex_api::Provider;
+use codex_api::provider::RetryConfig;
+use http::HeaderMap;
+use tokio::net::TcpListener;
+use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
+use tokio_tungstenite::WebSocketStream;
+use tokio_tungstenite::accept_async;
+
+pub(crate) async fn spawn_ws_server<F, Fut>(handler: F) -> (String, JoinHandle<()>)
+where
+    F: FnOnce(WebSocketStream<tokio::net::TcpStream>) -> Fut + Send + 'static,
+    Fut: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static,
+{
+    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.expect("bind");
+    let addr = listener.local_addr().expect("local addr");
+    let server = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let (stream, _) = listener.accept().await.expect("accept");
+        let ws = accept_async(stream).await.expect("accept ws");
+        handler(ws).await;
+    });
+    (format!("ws://{addr}"), server)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn test_provider() -> Provider {
+    Provider {
+        name: "test".to_string(),
+        base_url: "http://localhost".to_string(),
+        query_params: Some(HashMap::new()),
+        headers: HeaderMap::new(),
+        retry: RetryConfig {
+            max_attempts: 1,
+            base_delay: Duration::from_millis(1),
+            retry_429: false,
+            retry_5xx: false,
+            retry_transport: false,
+        },
+        stream_idle_timeout: Duration::from_secs(5),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/codex-rs/codex-api/tests/realtime_websocket_e2e.rs b/codex-rs/codex-api/tests/realtime_websocket_e2e.rs
index b9d252d3a8..e5e477bfbb 100644
--- a/codex-rs/codex-api/tests/realtime_websocket_e2e.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/codex-api/tests/realtime_websocket_e2e.rs
@@ -1,30 +1,22 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+mod common;
+
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use codex_api::RealtimeAudioFrame;
 use codex_api::RealtimeEvent;
 use codex_api::RealtimeSessionConfig;
 use codex_api::RealtimeWebsocketClient;
-use codex_api::provider::Provider;
-use codex_api::provider::RetryConfig;
+use common::ws_harness;
 use futures::SinkExt;
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use http::HeaderMap;
 use serde_json::Value;
 use serde_json::json;
-use tokio::net::TcpListener;
-use tokio_tungstenite::accept_async;
 use tokio_tungstenite::tungstenite::Message;
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn realtime_ws_e2e_session_create_and_event_flow() {
-    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.expect("bind");
-    let addr = listener.local_addr().expect("local addr");
-
-    let server = tokio::spawn(async move {
-        let (stream, _) = listener.accept().await.expect("accept");
-        let mut ws = accept_async(stream).await.expect("accept ws");
-
+    let (api_url, server) = ws_harness::spawn_ws_server(|mut ws| async move {
         let first = ws
             .next()
             .await
@@ -76,27 +68,14 @@ async fn realtime_ws_e2e_session_create_and_event_flow() {
         ))
         .await
         .expect("send audio out");
-    });
+    })
+    .await;
 
-    let provider = Provider {
-        name: "test".to_string(),
-        base_url: "http://localhost".to_string(),
-        query_params: Some(HashMap::new()),
-        headers: HeaderMap::new(),
-        retry: RetryConfig {
-            max_attempts: 1,
-            base_delay: Duration::from_millis(1),
-            retry_429: false,
-            retry_5xx: false,
-            retry_transport: false,
-        },
-        stream_idle_timeout: Duration::from_secs(5),
-    };
-    let client = RealtimeWebsocketClient::new(provider);
+    let client = RealtimeWebsocketClient::new(ws_harness::test_provider());
     let connection = client
         .connect(
             RealtimeSessionConfig {
-                api_url: format!("ws://{addr}"),
+                api_url,
                 prompt: "backend prompt".to_string(),
                 session_id: Some("conv_123".to_string()),
             },
@@ -149,13 +128,7 @@ async fn realtime_ws_e2e_session_create_and_event_flow() {
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn realtime_ws_e2e_send_while_next_event_waits() {
-    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.expect("bind");
-    let addr = listener.local_addr().expect("local addr");
-
-    let server = tokio::spawn(async move {
-        let (stream, _) = listener.accept().await.expect("accept");
-        let mut ws = accept_async(stream).await.expect("accept ws");
-
+    let (api_url, server) = ws_harness::spawn_ws_server(|mut ws| async move {
         let first = ws
             .next()
             .await
@@ -186,27 +159,14 @@ async fn realtime_ws_e2e_send_while_next_event_waits() {
         ))
         .await
         .expect("send session.created");
-    });
+    })
+    .await;
 
-    let provider = Provider {
-        name: "test".to_string(),
-        base_url: "http://localhost".to_string(),
-        query_params: Some(HashMap::new()),
-        headers: HeaderMap::new(),
-        retry: RetryConfig {
-            max_attempts: 1,
-            base_delay: Duration::from_millis(1),
-            retry_429: false,
-            retry_5xx: false,
-            retry_transport: false,
-        },
-        stream_idle_timeout: Duration::from_secs(5),
-    };
-    let client = RealtimeWebsocketClient::new(provider);
+    let client = RealtimeWebsocketClient::new(ws_harness::test_provider());
     let connection = client
         .connect(
             RealtimeSessionConfig {
-                api_url: format!("ws://{addr}"),
+                api_url,
                 prompt: "backend prompt".to_string(),
                 session_id: Some("conv_123".to_string()),
             },
@@ -249,13 +209,7 @@ async fn realtime_ws_e2e_send_while_next_event_waits() {
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn realtime_ws_e2e_disconnected_emitted_once() {
-    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.expect("bind");
-    let addr = listener.local_addr().expect("local addr");
-
-    let server = tokio::spawn(async move {
-        let (stream, _) = listener.accept().await.expect("accept");
-        let mut ws = accept_async(stream).await.expect("accept ws");
-
+    let (api_url, server) = ws_harness::spawn_ws_server(|mut ws| async move {
         let first = ws
             .next()
             .await
@@ -267,27 +221,14 @@ async fn realtime_ws_e2e_disconnected_emitted_once() {
         assert_eq!(first_json["type"], "session.create");
 
         ws.send(Message::Close(None)).await.expect("send close");
-    });
+    })
+    .await;
 
-    let provider = Provider {
-        name: "test".to_string(),
-        base_url: "http://localhost".to_string(),
-        query_params: Some(HashMap::new()),
-        headers: HeaderMap::new(),
-        retry: RetryConfig {
-            max_attempts: 1,
-            base_delay: Duration::from_millis(1),
-            retry_429: false,
-            retry_5xx: false,
-            retry_transport: false,
-        },
-        stream_idle_timeout: Duration::from_secs(5),
-    };
-    let client = RealtimeWebsocketClient::new(provider);
+    let client = RealtimeWebsocketClient::new(ws_harness::test_provider());
     let connection = client
         .connect(
             RealtimeSessionConfig {
-                api_url: format!("ws://{addr}"),
+                api_url,
                 prompt: "backend prompt".to_string(),
                 session_id: Some("conv_123".to_string()),
             },
@@ -308,13 +249,7 @@ async fn realtime_ws_e2e_disconnected_emitted_once() {
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn realtime_ws_e2e_ignores_unknown_text_events() {
-    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.expect("bind");
-    let addr = listener.local_addr().expect("local addr");
-
-    let server = tokio::spawn(async move {
-        let (stream, _) = listener.accept().await.expect("accept");
-        let mut ws = accept_async(stream).await.expect("accept ws");
-
+    let (api_url, server) = ws_harness::spawn_ws_server(|mut ws| async move {
         let first = ws
             .next()
             .await
@@ -346,27 +281,14 @@ async fn realtime_ws_e2e_ignores_unknown_text_events() {
         ))
         .await
         .expect("send session.created");
-    });
+    })
+    .await;
 
-    let provider = Provider {
-        name: "test".to_string(),
-        base_url: "http://localhost".to_string(),
-        query_params: Some(HashMap::new()),
-        headers: HeaderMap::new(),
-        retry: RetryConfig {
-            max_attempts: 1,
-            base_delay: Duration::from_millis(1),
-            retry_429: false,
-            retry_5xx: false,
-            retry_transport: false,
-        },
-        stream_idle_timeout: Duration::from_secs(5),
-    };
-    let client = RealtimeWebsocketClient::new(provider);
+    let client = RealtimeWebsocketClient::new(ws_harness::test_provider());
     let connection = client
         .connect(
             RealtimeSessionConfig {
-                api_url: format!("ws://{addr}"),
+                api_url,
                 prompt: "backend prompt".to_string(),
                 session_id: Some("conv_123".to_string()),
             },