**Change**: Seatbelt now allows file-ioctl on /dev/ttys[0-9]+ even
without the sandbox extension so pre-created PTYs remain interactive
(Python REPL, shells).
**Risk**: A seatbelted process that already holds a PTY fd (including
one it shouldn’t) could issue tty ioctls like TIOCSTI or termios changes
on that fd. This doesn’t allow opening new PTYs or reading/writing them;
it only broadens ioctl capability on existing fds.
**Why acceptable**: We already hand the child its PTY for interactive
use; restoring ioctls is required for isatty() and prompts to work. The
attack requires being given or inheriting a sensitive PTY fd; by design
we don’t hand untrusted processes other users’ PTYs (we don't hand them
any PTYs actually), so the practical exposure is limited to the PTY
intentionally allocated for the session.
**Validation**:
Running
```
start a python interpreter and keep it running
```
Followed by:
* `calculate 1+1 using it` -> works as expected
* `Use this Python session to run the command just fix in
/Users/jif/code/codex/codex-rs` -> does not work as expected
## Refactor of the `execpolicy` crate
To illustrate why we need this refactor, consider an agent attempting to
run `apple | rm -rf ./`. Suppose `apple` is allowed by `execpolicy`.
Before this PR, `execpolicy` would consider `apple` and `pear` and only
render one rule match: `Allow`. We would skip any heuristics checks on
`rm -rf ./` and immediately approve `apple | rm -rf ./` to run.
To fix this, we now thread a `fallback` evaluation function into
`execpolicy` that runs when no `execpolicy` rules match a given command.
In our example, we would run `fallback` on `rm -rf ./` and prevent
`apple | rm -rf ./` from being run without approval.
this PR enables TUI to approve commands and add their prefixes to an
allowlist:
<img width="708" height="605" alt="Screenshot 2025-11-21 at 4 18 07 PM"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/56a19893-4553-4770-a881-becf79eeda32"
/>
note: we only show the option to whitelist the command when
1) command is not multi-part (e.g `git add -A && git commit -m 'hello
world'`)
2) command is not already matched by an existing rule
This PR moves `ModelsFamily` to `openai_models`. It also propagates
`ModelsManager` to session services and use it to drive model family. We
also make `derive_default_model_family` private because it's a step
towards what we want: one place that gives model configuration.
This is a second step at having one source of truth for models
information and config: `ModelsManager`.
Next steps would be to remove `ModelsFamily` from config. That's massive
because it's being used in 41 occasions mostly pre launching `codex`.
Also, we need to make `find_family_for_model` private. It's also big
because it's being used in 21 occasions ~ all tests.
- Introduce `openai_models` in `/core`
- Move `PRESETS` under it
- Move `ModelPreset`, `ModelUpgrade`, `ReasoningEffortPreset`,
`ReasoningEffortPreset`, and `ReasoningEffortPreset` to `protocol`
- Introduce `Op::ListModels` and `EventMsg::AvailableModels`
Next steps:
- migrate `app-server` and `tui` to use the introduced Operation
If an image can't be read by the API, it will poison the entire history,
preventing any new turn on the conversation.
This detect such cases and replace the image by a placeholder
# Unified Exec Shell Selection on Windows
## Problem
reference issue #7466
The `unified_exec` handler currently deserializes model-provided tool
calls into the `ExecCommandArgs` struct:
```rust
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
struct ExecCommandArgs {
cmd: String,
#[serde(default)]
workdir: Option<String>,
#[serde(default = "default_shell")]
shell: String,
#[serde(default = "default_login")]
login: bool,
#[serde(default = "default_exec_yield_time_ms")]
yield_time_ms: u64,
#[serde(default)]
max_output_tokens: Option<usize>,
#[serde(default)]
with_escalated_permissions: Option<bool>,
#[serde(default)]
justification: Option<String>,
}
```
The `shell` field uses a hard-coded default:
```rust
fn default_shell() -> String {
"/bin/bash".to_string()
}
```
When the model returns a tool call JSON that only contains `cmd` (which
is the common case), Serde fills in `shell` with this default value.
Later, `get_command` uses that value as if it were a model-provided
shell path:
```rust
fn get_command(args: &ExecCommandArgs) -> Vec<String> {
let shell = get_shell_by_model_provided_path(&PathBuf::from(args.shell.clone()));
shell.derive_exec_args(&args.cmd, args.login)
}
```
On Unix, this usually resolves to `/bin/bash` and works as expected.
However, on Windows this behavior is problematic:
- The hard-coded `"/bin/bash"` is not a valid Windows path.
- `get_shell_by_model_provided_path` treats this as a model-specified
shell, and tries to resolve it (e.g. via `which::which("bash")`), which
may or may not exist and may not behave as intended.
- In practice, this leads to commands being executed under a non-default
or non-existent shell on Windows (for example, WSL bash), instead of the
expected Windows PowerShell or `cmd.exe`.
The core of the issue is that **"model did not specify `shell`" is
currently interpreted as "the model explicitly requested `/bin/bash`"**,
which is both Unix-specific and wrong on Windows.
## Proposed Solution
Instead of hard-coding `"/bin/bash"` into `ExecCommandArgs`, we should
distinguish between:
1. **The model explicitly specifying a shell**, e.g.:
```json
{
"cmd": "echo hello",
"shell": "pwsh"
}
```
In this case, we *do* want to respect the model’s choice and use
`get_shell_by_model_provided_path`.
2. **The model omitting the `shell` field entirely**, e.g.:
```json
{
"cmd": "echo hello"
}
```
In this case, we should *not* assume `/bin/bash`. Instead, we should use
`default_user_shell()` and let the platform decide.
To express this distinction, we can:
1. Change `shell` to be optional in `ExecCommandArgs`:
```rust
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
struct ExecCommandArgs {
cmd: String,
#[serde(default)]
workdir: Option<String>,
#[serde(default)]
shell: Option<String>,
#[serde(default = "default_login")]
login: bool,
#[serde(default = "default_exec_yield_time_ms")]
yield_time_ms: u64,
#[serde(default)]
max_output_tokens: Option<usize>,
#[serde(default)]
with_escalated_permissions: Option<bool>,
#[serde(default)]
justification: Option<String>,
}
```
Here, the absence of `shell` in the JSON is represented as `shell:
None`, rather than a hard-coded string value.
This change prototypes support for Skills with the CLI. This is an
**experimental** feature for internal testing.
---------
Co-authored-by: Gav Verma <gverma@openai.com>
- The total token used returned from the api doesn't account for the
reasoning items before the assistant message
- Account for those for auto compaction
- Add the encrypted reasoning effort in the common tests utils
- Add a test to make sure it works as expected
`process_exec_tool_call()` was taking `SandboxType` as a param, but in
practice, the only place it was constructed was in
`codex_message_processor.rs` where it was derived from the other
`sandbox_policy` param, so this PR inlines the logic that decides the
`SandboxType` into `process_exec_tool_call()`.
---
[//]: # (BEGIN SAPLING FOOTER)
Stack created with [Sapling](https://sapling-scm.com). Best reviewed
with [ReviewStack](https://reviewstack.dev/openai/codex/pull/7122).
* #7112
* __->__ #7122
This updates `ExecParams` so that instead of taking `timeout_ms:
Option<u64>`, it now takes a more general cancellation mechanism,
`ExecExpiration`, which is an enum that includes a
`Cancellation(tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken)` variant.
If the cancellation token is fired, then `process_exec_tool_call()`
returns in the same way as if a timeout was exceeded.
This is necessary so that in #6973, we can manage the timeout logic
external to the `process_exec_tool_call()` because we want to "suspend"
the timeout when an elicitation from a human user is pending.
---
[//]: # (BEGIN SAPLING FOOTER)
Stack created with [Sapling](https://sapling-scm.com). Best reviewed
with [ReviewStack](https://reviewstack.dev/openai/codex/pull/6972).
* #7005
* #6973
* __->__ #6972
- Use /bin/sh instead of /bin/bash on FreeBSD/OpenBSD in the process
group timeout test to avoid command-not-found failures.
- Accept /usr/local/bin/bash as a valid SHELL path to match common
FreeBSD installations.
- Switch the shell serialization duration test to /bin/sh for improved
portability across Unix platforms.
With this change, `cargo test -p codex-core --lib` runs and passes on
FreeBSD.
second attempt to fix this test after
https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/6884. I think this flakiness is
happening because yield_time is too small for a 10,000 step loop in
python.
## 🐛 Problem
Users running commands with non-ASCII characters (like Russian text
"пример") in Windows/WSL environments experience garbled text in
VSCode's shell preview window, with Unicode replacement characters (�)
appearing instead of the actual text.
**Issue**: https://github.com/openai/codex/issues/6178
## 🔧 Root Cause
The issue was in `StreamOutput<Vec<u8>>::from_utf8_lossy()` method in
`codex-rs/core/src/exec.rs`, which used `String::from_utf8_lossy()` to
convert shell output bytes to strings. This function immediately
replaces any invalid UTF-8 byte sequences with replacement characters,
without attempting to decode using other common encodings.
In Windows/WSL environments, shell output often uses encodings like:
- Windows-1252 (common Windows encoding)
- Latin-1/ISO-8859-1 (extended ASCII)
## 🛠️ Solution
Replaced the simple `String::from_utf8_lossy()` call with intelligent
encoding detection via a new `bytes_to_string_smart()` function that
tries multiple encoding strategies:
1. **UTF-8** (fast path for valid UTF-8)
2. **Windows-1252** (handles Windows-specific characters in 0x80-0x9F
range)
3. **Latin-1** (fallback for extended ASCII)
4. **Lossy UTF-8** (final fallback, same as before)
## 📁 Changes
### New Files
- `codex-rs/core/src/text_encoding.rs` - Smart encoding detection module
- `codex-rs/core/tests/suite/text_encoding_fix.rs` - Integration tests
### Modified Files
- `codex-rs/core/src/lib.rs` - Added text_encoding module
- `codex-rs/core/src/exec.rs` - Updated StreamOutput::from_utf8_lossy()
- `codex-rs/core/tests/suite/mod.rs` - Registered new test module
## ✅ Testing
- **5 unit tests** covering UTF-8, Windows-1252, Latin-1, and fallback
scenarios
- **2 integration tests** simulating the exact Issue #6178 scenario
- **Demonstrates improvement** over the previous
`String::from_utf8_lossy()` approach
All tests pass:
```bash
cargo test -p codex-core text_encoding
cargo test -p codex-core test_shell_output_encoding_issue_6178
```
## 🎯 Impact
- ✅ **Eliminates garbled text** in VSCode shell preview for non-ASCII
content
- ✅ **Supports Windows/WSL environments** with proper encoding detection
- ✅ **Zero performance impact** for UTF-8 text (fast path)
- ✅ **Backward compatible** - UTF-8 content works exactly as before
- ✅ **Handles edge cases** with robust fallback mechanism
## 🧪 Test Scenarios
The fix has been tested with:
- Russian text ("пример")
- Windows-1252 quotation marks (""test")
- Latin-1 accented characters ("café")
- Mixed encoding content
- Invalid byte sequences (graceful fallback)
## 📋 Checklist
- [X] Addresses the reported issue
- [X] Includes comprehensive tests
- [X] Maintains backward compatibility
- [X] Follows project coding conventions
- [X] No breaking changes
---------
Co-authored-by: Josh McKinney <joshka@openai.com>
Thread through an `exit_notify` tokio `Notify` through to the
`UnifiedExecSession` so that we can return early if the command
terminates before `yield_time_ms`.
As Codex review correctly pointed out below 🙌 we also need a
`exit_signaled` flag so that commands which finish before we start
waiting can also exit early.
Since the default `yield_time_ms` is now 10s, this means that we don't
have to wait 10s for trivial commands like ls, sed, etc (which are the
majority of agent commands 😅)
---------
Co-authored-by: jif-oai <jif@openai.com>
This PR threads execpolicy2 into codex-core.
activated via feature flag: exec_policy (on by default)
reads and parses all .codexpolicy files in `codex_home/codex`
refactored tool runtime API to integrate execpolicy logic
---------
Co-authored-by: Michael Bolin <mbolin@openai.com>
Expand the rate-limit cache/TUI: store credit snapshots alongside
primary and secondary windows, render “Credits” when the backend reports
they exist (unlimited vs rounded integer balances)
## Summary
Setting `/approvals` before the start of a conversation was not updating
the environment_context for a conversation. Not sure exactly when this
problem was introduced, but this should reduce model confusion
dramatically.
## Testing
- [x] Added unit test to reproduce bug, confirmed fix with update
- [x] Tested locally
